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Systemic reactions to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy: real-world cause and effect modelling
Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 , DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00566-x
Adam Aue 1 , Joella Ho 2 , Rongbo Zhu 3 , Harold Kim 3, 4 , Samira Jeimy 3, 5
Affiliation  

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. However, adverse events, including life-threatening systemic reactions, may occur. The purpose of this project is to identify risk factors for systemic reactions to SCIT and to provide practice-based solutions using a quality improvement (QI) framework. A QI initiative was performed in a hospital-based, Canadian Allergy clinic administering SCIT in a 12-month period. A total of 4242 injections of SCIT were performed over a period of 12 months. Of these, 10 injections resulted in a systemic reaction requiring epinephrine administration (i.e., an incidence of 1 in 424 injections, or 0.24%). Eight patients had at least one documented risk factor for a systemic reaction, and six had multiple risk factors. Major risk factors included seasonal exacerbation of allergic rhinitis, uncontrolled asthma, and an error in route of administration. All reactions occurred with the highest allergen extract concentration. This QI initiative highlights the need for improved patient and health care practitioner education and pre-administration screening. We suggest several considerations for SCIT administration: provide patients with written information on safety; screen patients before injections, including a review of treatment plan adherence and asthma control; adjust dosing to slow down buildup of the most concentrated immunotherapy extract, particularly in high risk patients; and apply additional safety measures in patients with multiple risk factors.

中文翻译:

皮下过敏原免疫疗法的全身反应:真实世界的因果模型

皮下免疫疗法 (SCIT) 是治疗过敏性鼻结膜炎的有效方法。然而,可能会发生不良事件,包括危及生命的全身反应。该项目的目的是确定 SCIT 全身反应的风险因素,并使用质量改进 (QI) 框架提供基于实践的解决方案。在 12 个月内在一家以医院为基础的加拿大过敏诊所实施 SCIT 的 QI 计划。在 12 个月的时间里,总共进行了 4242 次 SCIT 注射。其中,10 次注射导致需要给予肾上腺素的全身反应(即,424 次注射中发生 1 次,或 0.24%)。八名患者至少有一个全身反应的危险因素,六名患者有多种危险因素。主要风险因素包括过敏性鼻炎的季节性恶化、未控制的哮喘和给药途径错误。所有反应均以最高的过敏原提取物浓度发生。该 QI 计划强调了改进患者和医疗保健从业者教育和给药前筛查的必要性。我们建议 SCIT 管理的几个考虑因素: 向患者提供有关安全的书面信息;在注射前筛查患者,包括审查治疗计划依从性和哮喘控制;调整剂量以减缓最集中的免疫治疗提取物的积聚,尤其是在高危患者中;并对具有多种危险因素的患者采取额外的安全措施。所有反应均以最高的过敏原提取物浓度发生。该 QI 计划强调了改进患者和医疗保健从业者教育和给药前筛查的必要性。我们建议 SCIT 管理的几个考虑因素: 向患者提供有关安全的书面信息;在注射前筛查患者,包括审查治疗计划依从性和哮喘控制;调整剂量以减缓最集中的免疫治疗提取物的积聚,尤其是在高危患者中;并对具有多种危险因素的患者采取额外的安全措施。所有反应均以最高的过敏原提取物浓度发生。该 QI 计划强调了改进患者和医疗保健从业者教育和给药前筛查的必要性。我们建议 SCIT 管理的几个考虑因素: 向患者提供有关安全的书面信息;在注射前筛查患者,包括审查治疗计划依从性和哮喘控制;调整剂量以减缓最集中的免疫治疗提取物的积聚,尤其是在高危患者中;并对具有多种危险因素的患者采取额外的安全措施。向患者提供有关安全的书面信息;在注射前筛查患者,包括审查治疗计划依从性和哮喘控制;调整剂量以减缓最集中的免疫治疗提取物的积聚,尤其是在高危患者中;并对具有多种危险因素的患者采取额外的安全措施。向患者提供有关安全的书面信息;在注射前筛查患者,包括审查治疗计划依从性和哮喘控制;调整剂量以减缓最集中的免疫治疗提取物的积聚,尤其是在高危患者中;并对具有多种危险因素的患者采取额外的安全措施。
更新日期:2021-07-06
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