The photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser is a new-generation semiconductor laser capable of emitting a high-power, high-quality (i.e., high-brightness) beam, as well as on-chip two-dimensional beam steering, lasing in various wavelength regimes, and on-chip ultra-short self-pulsation, owing to their freedom of light-matter control. Here we introduce light detection as a new functionality, wherein the photonic-crystal laser is operated under reverse-bias conditions. We find that the photonic-crystal laser operated under reverse-bias conditions has a very high shunt resistance and a low dark current, which are essential qualities to achieve high detectivity. In addition, high responsivity is achieved by utilizing proper band-edge-modes and $Q$ -matching conditions for resonant light absorption. Furthermore, by employing photonic-crystal lasers as the detector as well as the laser source, a direct time-of-flight distance measurement is successfully demonstrated.

中文翻译：

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光子晶体激光器的光检测功能

光子晶体表面发射激光器是新一代半导体激光器，能够发射高功率、高质量（即高亮度）光束，以及片上二维光束转向，在各种波长范围和片上超短自脉动，因为它们可以自由控制光物质。在这里，我们将光检测作为一种新功能引入，其中光子晶体激光器在反向偏置条件下运行。我们发现在反向偏置条件下工作的光子晶体激光器具有非常高的分流电阻和低暗电流，这是实现高探测率的基本品质。此外，通过利用适当的带边缘模式和 $Q$ - 共振光吸收的匹配条件。此外，通过使用光子晶体激光器作为探测器和激光源，成功地证明了直接飞行时间距离测量。