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Impact of re-election on development in India: a comparative analysis of leading and lagging states
Indian Growth and Development Review Pub Date : 2021-07-05 , DOI: 10.1108/igdr-11-2020-0156
Biswa Swarup Misra 1
Affiliation  

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine political accountability to the voter in India by studying re-election patterns in 14 major states categorized as leading and lagging during the period 1952–2015.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has computed a state-wise re-election index by taking the ratio of the number of constituencies exhibiting re-election in four consecutive terms during 1952–1999 to the total number of constituencies in the state. The time-invariant re-election index as of the year 1999 is used to estimate the impact of the re-election on per capita state income during 2001–2015. This paper has used the correlated random effects estimation procedure that considers the state-specific unobserved factors while using a time-invariant regressor to ascertain the impact of re-election.

Findings

This study finds that persistent re-election does not seem to lead to better development outcomes. When this study computes the re-election index by excluding constituencies that are underdeveloped both in the economic and social spheres, this paper finds the asymmetric impact of re-election for the leading and the lagging states. The findings suggest that historical institutions in the laggings states could be driving the empirical results. The empirical findings are corroborated by the relatively poor availability of basic amenities in constituencies exhibiting persistent re-election when compared to the state average.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that the provision of re-election without term limits may need to be revisited in the lagging states for better political accountability.

Originality/value

First, the authors study the pattern of constituency-wise re-election to compute state-wise re-election index to capture persistent re-election. Second, the authors assess the development status of a constituency by mapping it to the development indicators of the district in which the constituency is located. This paper considers both economic as well social indicators of development. Third, the time-invariant nature of the re-election index helps to address reverse causality while studying the impact of re-election on development. Fourth, the authors use a novel econometric methodology to study the impact of the re-election on development given the time-invariant characteristic of the re-election index.



中文翻译:

连任对印度发展的影响:领先和落后国家的比较分析

目的

本文的目的是通过研究 1952 年至 2015 年期间被归类为领先和落后的 14 个主要邦的连任模式,研究印度选民的政治责任。

设计/方法/方法

本研究以 1952 年至 1999 年期间连续四届连任的选区数与该州选区总数的比率计算了州级连任指数。使用截至 1999 年的时不变连任指数来估计连任对 2001-2015 年人均州收入的影响。本文使用了相关随机效应估计程序,该程序考虑了特定状态的未观察因素,同时使用时不变回归量来确定连任的影响。

发现

本研究发现,持续连任似乎并没有带来更好的发展成果。当这项研究通过排除经济和社会领域都不发达的选区来计算连任指数时,本文发现了连任对领先和落后国家的不对称影响。研究结果表明,落后国家的历史制度可能会推动实证结果。与州平均水平相比,持续连任的选区基本设施的可用性相对较差,这证实了实证结果。

实际影响

调查结果表明,为了更好的政治问责制,可能需要在落后的州重新考虑无任期限制的连任。

原创性/价值

首先,作者研究了选区连任的模式,以计算各州连任指数,以捕捉持续连任。其次,作者通过将选区映射到选区所在地区的发展指标来评估选区的发展状况。本文考虑了经济和社会发展指标。第三,连任指数的时间不变性有助于在研究连任对发展的影响时解决反向因果关系。第四,鉴于连任指数的时间不变性,作者使用一种新颖的计量经济学方法来研究连任对发展的影响。

更新日期:2021-07-05
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