The utilization of solar energy for water evaporation to obtain fresh water shows potential applications in addressing water scarcity issues. It remains great challenges to develop light absorber materials with high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, large specific surface area and excellent corrosion resistance. Here, we demonstrate a hierarchically mesoporous and superhydrophilic carbon nanofiber membrane (CNF) based on the sublimation of the terephthalic acid from the polyacrylonitrile nanofibers during the calcination. The porous structure enhances the light absorption (94.2% in a broadband from 280 to 2500 nm). Furthermore, the mesopores in the individual CNF as well as the macropores in the membrane could not only significantly improve the interfacial evaporation area and the hydrophilicity but also reduce the thermal conductivity and hence the thermal lose. The porous membrane with hydrophilicity possesses good salt rejection performance. When used for interfacial solar water evaporation, the CNF membrane exhibits a high solar energy efficiency and evaporation rate of 89.5% and 1.36 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ under one sun illumination, respectively. In addition, the superhydrophilic CNF membrane with excellent corrosive resistance can even be used for solar desalination of sea water containing acid or alkali and also the oil-in-saline water emulsions.

利用太阳能蒸发水以获得淡水在解决水资源短缺问题方面具有潜在的应用价值。开发具有高光热转换效率、大比表面积和优异耐腐蚀性的吸光材料仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在这里，我们展示了一种基于对苯二甲酸在煅烧过程中从聚丙烯腈纳米纤维中升华的分级介孔和超亲水碳纳米纤维膜 (CNF)。多孔结构增强了光吸收（在 280 至 2500 nm 的宽带中为 94.2%）。此外，单个CNF中的中孔以及膜中的大孔不仅可以显着提高界面蒸发面积和亲水性，还可以降低导热系数，从而降低热损失。亲水性多孔膜具有良好的脱盐性能。当用于界面太阳能水蒸发时，CNF 膜表现出很高的太阳能效率和蒸发率 89.5% 和 1.36 kg m^-2  h ^-1分别在一个太阳光照下。此外，具有优异耐腐蚀性的超亲水CNF膜甚至可用于含酸或碱的海水的太阳能脱盐，也可用于盐水包油乳液。