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Efficient photocatalytic acetalization of furfural to biofuel components using carboxyl-functionalized porphyrin photocatalyst, under visible light irradiations
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s13399-021-01658-9
Subodh U. Raut 1 , Pundlik R. Bhagat 1
Affiliation  

The carboxyl-functionalized porphyrin entangled with benzimidazolium-based ionic liquid (CFPBIL) was successfully synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, FT-NMR and TGA analysis. The proton level was determined by the Hammett acidity function, and DR spectra have been supported to confirm the band gap of photocatalyst. The present study reveals the metal-free, conventional photocatalytic acetalization of furfural to biofuel components under visible light irradiations using carboxyl-functionalized porphyrin catalyst. The effect of different parameters on the photocatalytic reaction, catalyst loading, ratio of furfural:alcohol, duration and intensity of light were investigated. The model reaction of furfural and ethanol in a home-made photoreactor using a 5-W LED presented that a very high yield of furfural acetal (92%) could be obtained under optimized conditions. Moreover, the eco-friendly method of acetalization reactions with higher alcohols (1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol) was carried out at optimized reaction conditions which also afforded good to excellent yield of the target products, demonstrating the potential of CFPBIL as a highly active, stable and recyclable heterogeneous photocatalyst. Moreover, physical properties of biodiesel–diesel blends comprising B10, B20 and B30 were determined and furfural acetals were found as a potential fuel additive.

Graphical abstract



中文翻译:

在可见光照射下,使用羧基功能化卟啉光催化剂将糠醛有效光催化缩醛化为生物燃料组分

成功合成了与苯并咪唑基离子液体 (CFPBIL) 缠结的羧基功能化卟啉,并通过 FT-IR、FT-NMR 和 TGA 分析对其进行了表征。质子水平由哈米特酸度函数确定,并支持 DR 光谱来确认光催化剂的带隙。本研究揭示了使用羧基官能化卟啉催化剂在可见光照射下将糠醛光催化缩醛化为生物燃料组分的无金属常规光催化反应。研究了不同参数对光催化反应、催化剂负载量、糠醛醇比、光持续时间和强度的影响。糠醛和乙醇在使用 5-W LED 的自制光反应器中的模型反应表明,在优化条件下可以获得非常高的糠醛缩醛 (92%)。此外,在优化的反应条件下进行了与高级醇(1-丁醇、1-戊醇、1-己醇、1-辛醇)的缩醛化反应的环保方法,这也提供了良好的目标产物收率,证明CFPBIL 作为一种高活性、稳定和可回收的多相光催化剂的潜力。此外,测定了包含 B10、B20 和 B30 的生物柴油-柴油混合物的物理特性,并发现糠醛缩醛是一种潜在的燃料添加剂。1-辛醇)在优化的反应条件下进行,这也提供了良好的目标产物收率,证明了 CFPBIL 作为高活性、稳定和可回收的多相光催化剂的潜力。此外,测定了包含 B10、B20 和 B30 的生物柴油-柴油混合物的物理特性,并发现糠醛缩醛是一种潜在的燃料添加剂。1-辛醇)在优化的反应条件下进行,这也提供了良好的目标产物收率,证明了 CFPBIL 作为高活性、稳定和可回收的多相光催化剂的潜力。此外,测定了包含 B10、B20 和 B30 的生物柴油-柴油混合物的物理特性,并发现糠醛缩醛是一种潜在的燃料添加剂。

图形概要

更新日期:2021-07-06
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