Electronegativities (EN) of 65 elements (H to Bi, except lanthanides and noble gases, plus U and Th) in solids were derived from various observed parameters, namely, bond energies in solids, structural geometry, work functions and force constants, yielding a set of internally consistent values. The solid-state electronegativities are generally lower than the conventional (`molecular') values, due to different coordination numbers and electronic structure in a solid versus a molecule; the decrease is stronger for metals than for non-metals, hence binary compounds have a wider EN difference and higher bond polarity (ionicity) in the solid than in the molecular (gaseous) state. Under high pressure, the ENs of metals increase and those of non-metals decrease, the binary solid becomes less polar and can ultimately dissociate into elements.

中文翻译：

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原子的固态电负性：新方法

固体中 65 种元素（H 到 Bi，除了镧系元素和惰性气体，加上 U 和 Th）的电负性 (EN) 来自各种观察到的参数，即固体中的键能、结构几何、功函数和力常数，产生一个一组内部一致的值。由于固体与分子的配位数和电子结构不同，固态电负性通常低于常规（“分子”）值；金属比非金属的下降幅度更大，因此二元化合物在固体中比在分子（气态）状态下具有更宽的 EN 差异和更高的键极性（离子性）。在高压下，金属的 EN 增加，非金属的 EN 减少，二元固体的极性降低，最终可以分解成元素。