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Eco-efficiency measurement as an approach to improve the sustainable development of municipalities: A case study in the Midwest of Brazil
Environmental Development ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2021.100652
Rildo Vieira de Araújo 1, 2 , Robert Armando Espejo 3, 4 , Michel Constantino 3 , Paula Martin de Moraes 3, 5 , José Carlos Taveira 3 , Francisco Sousa Lira 6 , Gabriel Paes Herrera 1, 7 , Reginaldo Costa 1
Affiliation  

Global challenges related to energy consumption, water scarcity, deforestation, and environmental pollution have a direct impact on municipalities in Brazil and other countries around the world. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate eco-efficiency and its determinants in 41 Brazilian municipalities between 2014 and 2016 in the area covered by the Araguaia River Valley, in the Midwest of Brazil, Goiás state region. The Araguaia River Valley is considered of economic and especially environmental importance. It is located in one of the main Brazilian river basins, adjacent to states comprising the Legal Amazon, one of the world's most important biomes. To measure the eco-efficiency rate, we applied Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) via the model of output-oriented variable returns to scale (VRS). Variables used as input include Energy Consumption, Water Consumption, Number of Inhabitants, Fleet of Vehicles, Territorial Area, Deforested Area, and output is the ratio between GDP per capita and Deforested Area. In the second stage, we used Tobit regression with eco-efficiency rate as the dependent variable. For the analyzed period, results show low mean eco-efficiency in the VRS model, with values of 0.45 (2014) and 0.48 (2016). Results indicate that the municipalities of Castelândia in 2014, and Santo Antônio da Barra in 2016, achieved a sustainable balance between environmental and economic variables, contributing to conservation. That suggests that these municipal areas be a benchmark for the others and to local and national public managers, as well as the effective DEA technology applicability in calculating eco-efficiency. In contrast to these two cases, the Mineiros municipality (Araguaia River headwater area) obtained a very low eco-efficiency score. This is extremely concerning since this is an important and sensitive area in this region. In the second stage of the research, the Tobit model indicates that Deforested Area in 2014 and 2016 was significant and negatively correlated with the dependent variable, while Water Consumption (2016) was positively correlated with eco-efficiency. However, the robustness test shows the significant and negative correlation between Water Consumption and eco-efficiency in both years, additionally, the test confirms the results for the Deforested Area variable. These results are important to support policymakers and public managers in the development of more sustainable and eco-efficient municipalities worldwide.



中文翻译:

生态效率测量作为改善城市可持续发展的一种方法:巴西中西部的案例研究

与能源消耗、水资源短缺、森林砍伐和环境污染相关的全球挑战对巴西和世界其他国家的城市产生直接影响。因此,本研究旨在评估 2014 年至 2016 年间在巴西中西部戈亚斯州地区阿拉瓜亚河流域覆盖地区的 41 个巴西城市的生态效率及其决定因素。Araguaia 河流域被认为具有经济意义,尤其是环境重要性。它位于巴西主要的河流流域之一,毗邻包括世界上最重要的生物群落之一的合法亚马逊在内的各州。为了衡量生态效率率,我们通过以产出为导向的可变规模收益(VRS)模型应用了数据包络分析(DEA)。用作输入的变量包括能源消耗、水消耗、居民数量、车辆数量、领土面积、森林砍伐面积,产出是人均 GDP 与森林砍伐面积的比率。在第二阶段,我们使用以生态效率为因变量的 Tobit 回归。在分析期间,结果显示 VRS 模型的平均生态效率较低,值为 0.45(2014 年)和 0.48(2016 年)。结果表明,2014 年的 Castelândia 市和 2016 年的 Santo Antônio da Barra 市在环境和经济变量之间实现了可持续平衡,为保护做出了贡献。这表明这些城市地区是其他地区以及地方和国家公共管理者的基准,也是 DEA 技术在计算生态效率方面的有效适用性。与这两种情况相比,米内罗斯市(阿拉瓜亚河源头区)的生态效率得分非常低。这是非常令人担忧的,因为这是该地区一个重要且敏感的地区。在研究的第二阶段,Tobit 模型表明 2014 年和 2016 年的森林砍伐面积显着且与因变量呈负相关,而 Water Consumption (2016) 与生态效率呈正相关。然而,稳健性检验表明这两年的耗水量与生态效率之间存在显着负相关,此外,该检验证实了砍伐森林面积变量的结果。这些结果对于支持决策者和公共管理者在全球范围内发展更具可持续性和生态效率的城市非常重要。Mineiros 市(阿拉瓜亚河源头区)的生态效率得分非常低。这是非常令人担忧的,因为这是该地区一个重要且敏感的地区。在研究的第二阶段,Tobit 模型表明 2014 年和 2016 年的森林砍伐面积显着且与因变量呈负相关,而 Water Consumption (2016) 与生态效率呈正相关。然而,稳健性检验表明这两年的耗水量与生态效率之间存在显着负相关,此外,该检验证实了森林砍伐面积变量的结果。这些结果对于支持决策者和公共管理者在全球范围内发展更具可持续性和生态效率的城市非常重要。Mineiros 市(阿拉瓜亚河源头区)的生态效率得分非常低。这是非常令人担忧的,因为这是该地区一个重要且敏感的地区。在研究的第二阶段,Tobit 模型表明 2014 年和 2016 年的森林砍伐面积显着且与因变量呈负相关,而 Water Consumption (2016) 与生态效率呈正相关。然而,稳健性检验表明这两年的耗水量与生态效率之间存在显着负相关,此外,该检验证实了砍伐森林面积变量的结果。这些结果对于支持决策者和公共管理者在全球范围内发展更具可持续性和生态效率的城市非常重要。

更新日期:2021-08-20
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