We study DEA efficiencies of 47 Spanish airports over the period 2009–2013. Because the selection of inputs and outputs in the DEA model is problematic, we consider 186 input/output specifications obtained by combining four inputs and five outputs. Given the large differences in size between the airports, we use Variable Returns to Scale. Since it is a characteristic of economic crisis that some capacity remains idle, we use the output-oriented version of DEA. The results are visualised using the tools of multivariate statistical analysis. The analysis reveals six independent aspects of efficiency that can be assessed for an airport, and how their relative importance evolved during the economic crisis. Important changes in efficiency between 2009 and 2010 are revealed. They were followed by a period of slow return to the pre-crisis situation. The methodology presented here makes it possible to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each airport in terms of efficiency.

我们研究了 2009 年至 2013 年期间 47 个西班牙机场的 DEA 效率。由于 DEA 模型中输入和输出的选择存在问题，我们考虑将 4 个输入和 5 个输出组合得到的 186 个输入/输出规格。鉴于机场之间的规模差异很大，我们使用可变规模收益。由于部分产能闲置是经济危机的一个特点，我们使用产出导向版本的 DEA。使用多元统计分析工具可视化结果。该分析揭示了可以评估机场效率的六个独立方面，以及它们的相对重要性在经济危机期间如何演变。揭示了 2009 年和 2010 年之间效率的重要变化。随后是一段缓慢恢复到危机前状况的时期。