Neonicotinoid insecticides are used against the wide range of pests to protect plants. The influence of neonicotinoids on target and non-target insects is well understood. Hence, there are controversial opinions about the effect of neonicotinoids on the plants. We investigated pigments and photosynthetic primary reactions in two maize genotypes (the inbred line zppl 225 and hybrid zp 341) under thiamethoxam (TMX) treatment by root irrigation. It was found that the effect of TMX depended on pesticide application techniques and selection of maize genotype. TMX was added to the soil by root irrigation on the 4th and 8th days after planting, and photosynthetic characteristics monitored on the 10th and 12th days after planting. The primary photochemical reactions in PSII (F_v/F_m) of both maize genotypes were not affected under two variants of TMX treatment during all growing period. The hybrid zp341 was shown to be more susceptible to both TMX treatments, demonstrating a decrease in photosynthetic characteristics (JIP-test parameters) as well as changes in the content of pigments and in the conformation of the carotenoid molecule. Our findings suggest that the combination of fluorescence method and Raman spectroscopy is a perspective tool for monitoring plant state under pesticide application.

新烟碱类杀虫剂用于对抗多种害虫以保护植物。新烟碱对目标和非目标昆虫的影响是众所周知的。因此，关于新烟碱类对植物的影响存在争议。我们研究了在噻虫嗪 (TMX) 根灌洗处理下的两种玉米基因型（自交系 zppl 225 和杂种 zp 341）的色素和光合初级反应。结果表明，TMX 的作用取决于农药施用技术和玉米基因型的选择。在种植后第 4 天和第 8 天通过根灌将 TMX 添加到土壤中，并在种植后第 10 天和第 12 天监测光合特性。PSII 中的主要光化学反应 ( F _v / F_m ) 两种玉米基因型在所有生长期都不受 TMX 处理的两种变体的影响。杂种 zp341 被证明对两种 TMX 处理都更敏感，这表明光合特性（JIP 测试参数）的降低以及色素含量和类胡萝卜素分子构象的变化。我们的研究结果表明，荧光法和拉曼光谱的结合是一种用于监测农药施用情况下植物状态的透视工具。