Vehicle dynamic load is a major factor in the occurrence of early pavement failure. The analysis of tire–road contact pressure under various driving conditions of the vehicle is the basis for studying vehicle driving stability and road surface performance durability. In previous studies, there was more analysis of tire–road contact stress under static load. However, the results obtained in this way were quite different from the actual situation, because the various functional properties of the tire and the transmission of the interaction force between it and the road surface were better demonstrated during the movement of the vehicle. In this paper, the 205-55-R16 radial tire is used as the research object, and the finite element modeling software ABAQUS is used to establish a realistic three-dimensional tire–road contact model. This study discussed the effects of vehicle load and tire pressure on tire ground pressure distribution during static loading of the vehicle and simulated the tire ground pressure changes with speed or time under steady rolling, driving, and braking conditions. The results showed that the contact pressure under braking conditions is significantly greater than that under static conditions. Therefore, at intersections with frequent braking, the standard axle load for road mechanics calculations should be increased. The research helps to analyze the early damage to the road caused by vehicle driving, and provides references for road designers in road design.

车辆动荷载是造成路面早期破坏的主要因素。车辆在各种行驶工况下的轮胎-路面接触压力分析是研究车辆行驶稳定性和路面性能耐久性的基础。在以往的研究中，对静态载荷下的轮胎-道路接触应力进行了更多的分析。但是，这种方式得到的结果与实际情况有很大的不同，因为轮胎的各种功能特性以及轮胎与路面相互作用力的传递在车辆的运动过程中得到了更好的展示。本文以205-55-R16子午线轮胎为研究对象，利用有限元建模软件ABAQUS建立逼真的三维轮胎-路面接触模型。本研究讨论了车辆静载过程中车辆载荷和轮胎压力对轮胎接地压力分布的影响，并模拟了在稳定滚动、行驶和制动条件下轮胎接地压力随速度或时间的变化。结果表明，制动条件下的接触压力明显大于静态条件下的接触压力。因此，在制动频繁的路口，道路力学计算的标准轴荷应增加。该研究有助于分析车辆行驶对道路的早期破坏，为道路设计人员进行道路设计提供参考。