Purpose of Review

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a continuing healthcare concern worldwide contributing to significant cognitive and neurological impairment, consequently affecting activities of daily living. While mTBI recovery is becoming well studied, there are no interventions to reduce the known impairments of mTBI. Omega-3 fatty acids (N-3FA) are safe and beneficial for brain health; however, their potential effects in a pathophysiological environment such as that seen post-mTBI are unknown.

Recent Findings

Preclinical studies using rodent models are key to understanding molecular mechanisms underlying improvements post-injury. Studies to date have shown improved outcomes in rodent models following mTBI protocols, but these data have not been quantified using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

Summary

Our systematic review assessed 291 studies identified from the literature. Of these studies, 18 studies met inclusion criteria. We conducted a meta-analysis examining the effect of high-dose n-3FA vs placebo on neurological, cognitive and molecular changes following mTBI. Quality of studies was rated as moderate to high quality, and while mostly compliant, some areas of risk of bias were identified. Results showed that preclinical doses of 10–370 mg/kg/day of n-3FA per day in rodents (equivalent to high clinical doses) resulted in improvements in neurological and cognitive performance (pooled effect sizes ranging between 1.52 and 3.55). Similarly, improvements in molecular and inflammatory markers were observed in treated rodents vs control (pooled effect sizes: 3.73–6.55). Overall, these findings highlight the potential for high-dose n-3FA for human clinical studies following mTBI.

中文翻译：

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越多越好：高剂量 Omega-3 脂肪酸可改善轻度脑损伤临床前模型的行为和分子结果

审查目的

轻度创伤性脑损伤 (mTBI) 是世界范围内持续存在的医疗保健问题，会导致严重的认知和神经功能障碍，从而影响日常生活活动。虽然 mTBI 恢复得到了很好的研究，但没有干预措施来减少 mTBI 的已知损伤。Omega-3 脂肪酸 (N-3FA) 安全且有益于大脑健康；然而，它们在病理生理环境（例如 mTBI 后所见）中的潜在影响尚不清楚。

最近的发现

使用啮齿动物模型的临床前研究是了解损伤后改善的分子机制的关键。迄今为止的研究表明，遵循 mTBI 协议的啮齿动物模型的结果有所改善，但这些数据尚未使用系统评价和荟萃分析方法进行量化。

概括

我们的系统评价评估了从文献中确定的 291 项研究。在这些研究中，18 项研究符合纳入标准。我们进行了一项荟萃分析，检查高剂量 n-3FA 与安慰剂对 mTBI 后神经、认知和分子变化的影响。研究质量被评为中等至高质量，虽然大部分符合要求，但也确定了一些偏倚风险领域。结 同样，在处理过的啮齿动物与对照中观察到分子和炎症标志物的改善（合并效应大小：3.73-6.55）。全面的，