Polymeric hydrogels are fascinating platforms as 3D scaffolds for tissue repair and delivery systems of therapeutic molecules and cells. Among others, methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) has become a representative hydrogel formulation, finding various biomedical applications. Recent efforts on GelMA-based hydrogels have been devoted to combining them with bioactive and functional nanomaterials, aiming to provide enhanced physicochemical and biological properties to GelMA. The benefits of this approach are multiple: i) reinforcing mechanical properties, ii) modulating viscoelastic property to allow 3D printability of bio-inks, iii) rendering electrical/magnetic property to produce electro-/magneto-active hydrogels for the repair of specific tissues (e.g., muscle, nerve), iv) providing stimuli-responsiveness to actively deliver therapeutic molecules, and v) endowing therapeutic capacity in tissue repair process (e.g., antioxidant effects). The nanomaterial-combined GelMA systems have shown significantly enhanced and extraordinary behaviors in various tissues (bone, skin, cardiac, and nerve) that are rarely observable with GelMA. Here we systematically review these recent efforts in nanomaterials-combined GelMA hydrogels that are considered as next-generation multifunctional platforms for tissue therapeutics. The approaches used in GelMA can also apply to other existing polymeric hydrogel systems.

聚合物水凝胶是一种令人着迷的平台，可用作组织修复以及治疗分子和细胞的递送系统的 3D 支架。其中，甲基丙烯酸明胶（GelMA）已成为代表性的水凝胶配方，具有多种生物医学应用。最近对基于 GelMA 的水凝胶的研究致力于将其与生物活性和功能性纳米材料相结合，旨在为 GelMA 提供增强的物理化学和生物特性。这种方法的好处是多方面的：i) 增强机械性能，ii) 调节粘弹性以实现生物墨水的 3D 打印性能，iii) 赋予电/磁性能以生产用于修复特定组织的电/磁活性水凝胶（例如，肌肉、神经），iv) 提供刺激响应以主动递送治疗分子，以及 v) 赋予组织修复过程中的治疗能力（例如，抗氧化作用）。纳米材料组合的 GelMA 系统在各种组织（骨、皮肤、心脏和神经）中表现出显着增强和非凡的行为，这是 GelMA 很少观察到的。在这里，我们系统地回顾了最近在纳米材料组合 GelMA 水凝胶方面所做的努力，这些水凝胶被认为是下一代组织治疗的多功能平台。GelMA 中使用的方法也适用于其他现有的聚合物水凝胶系统。