Self-knowledge includes not only beliefs about one’s own traits and abilities, but beliefs about how others view the self. Are such metaperceptions accurate? This article identifies two distinct standards used to determine meta-accuracy. The correlational approach tests whether metaperceptions correlate with an accuracy criterion (i.e. social perceptions). The mean-level approach instead asks whether metaperceptions tend to err in a systematic direction. This article reviews complementary lessons gleaned from research taking one approach or the other: whether metaperceptions merely reflect self-perceptions, whose metaperceptions are more or less accurate, and what psychological processes impede meta-accuracy, among others. Ultimately, neither approach is endorsed as unconditionally superior. Instead, which approach offers the proper accuracy standard should depend on the decisions those metaperceptions will guide.

自我知识不仅包括对自己的特质和能力的信念，还包括对他人如何看待自己的信念。这样的元认知准确吗？本文确定了用于确定元准确性的两个不同标准。相关方法测试元知觉是否与准确性标准（即社会知觉）相关。相反，平均水平方法询问元知觉是否倾向于在系统方向上出错。本文回顾了从采用一种方法或另一种方法的研究中收集到的补充经验：元知觉是否仅反映自我知觉，谁的元知觉或多或少准确，以及哪些心理过程阻碍了元知觉等。最终，这两种方法都未被认可为无条件优越。反而，