In dryland Mediterranean semi-arid areas, the use of slurries and no-till are encouraged to reduce costs. This paper evaluates the effect of such practices in terms of morphological changes of the topsoil porosity. The experiment had seven fertilization strategies (five of them including pig slurries applied at cereal sowing or at tillering) combined with no-till or tillage by disc-harrowing at sowing. Soil was classified as a Typic Xerofluvent. Texture was silt loam. Pores in the apparent pore diameter (APD) intervals higher than >15 μm and at intervals up to 400 μm were studied with a micromorphological approach plus image analysis. Fifty-four undisturbed and surface soil samples (0.06 m deep) were analysed. Samples were collected in the third year after the establishment of tillage treatments and throughout the cereal growing season: just before tillage, at cereal tillering and at grain maturity. The incorporation of slurry at pre-sowing (~2 Mg ha⁻¹ of organic matter ha⁻¹) enhanced porosity (>15 μm) by 33% in the cropping season but mainly in the 200–400-μm class. Similar behaviour was observed in plots without topdressing fertilization, when till was compared with no-till. Thus, the potential movement of water and nutrients due to bypass flow was increased. When slurries were only applied at cereal tillering, only the tillage treatment increased topsoil porosity at grain maturity in the 15–100-μm class by 22% and, thus, increased those pores responsible for soil and water storage. Temporary changes in pore shape after tillage can be explained by microstructure collapse and compaction followed by a partial porosity recovery by faunal activity at grain maturity.

中文翻译：

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耕作和养分管理对旱地农业土壤孔隙度趋势的影响

在旱地地中海半干旱地区，鼓励使用泥浆和免耕以降低成本。本文根据表土孔隙度的形态变化评估了这种做法的效果。该试验有七种施肥策略（其中五种包括在谷物播种或分蘖时施用的猪浆）与播种时免耕或圆盘耙耕相结合。土壤被归类为典型的 Xerofluvent。质地为粉砂壤土。表观孔径 (APD) 间隔高于 >15 μm 和间隔高达 400 μm 的孔采用微形态学方法加图像分析进行研究。分析了 54 个原状和表层土壤样品（0.06 米深）。在耕作处理建立后的第三年和整个谷物生长季节收集样品：在耕作前、谷物分蘖时和谷物成熟时。在播种前加入浆料（~2 Mg ha^-1有机质 ha ^-1 ) 在种植季节将孔隙度 (>15 μm) 提高了 33%，但主要是在 200-400-μm 级别。当与免耕进行比较时，在未追施施肥的地块中观察到类似的行为。因此，由于旁通流引起的水和养分的潜在运动增加了。当浆料仅用于谷物分蘖时，仅耕作处理使 15-100-μm 级谷物成熟时的表土孔隙率增加 22%，从而增加了负责土壤和水储存的孔隙。耕作后孔隙形状的暂时变化可以解释为微观结构坍塌和压实，随后谷物成熟时动物活动导致部分孔隙度恢复。