In general, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is developed with a group of distributed and locative sensor nodes for sensing different environmental conditions. The primary challenges faced by WSN are: low network time and transmission data delay. In crucial applications like monitoring the ecosystem, military and disaster management, and data routing, the incorporation of WSN is very critical. Henceforth, a Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol was proposed but it was found to be uneconomical for energy management. Also, the optimization of Cluster Head (CH) is considered as NP hard problem. This research work deals the issues in optimal path selection in routing of wireless sensor networks to increase the network lifetime. Various techniques are available in metaheuristics, such as the Charged System Search (CSS), that effectively used to resolve the routing problem. Despite of this, most of the meta-heuristics suffer from local optima issues. A charged system search and harmony search algorithm based routing protocol is presented in this research work. Experimental results present the efficient performance of proposed HS model with increased cluster structures, improved network lifetime and reduced end-to-end delay and average packet loss rate.

通常，无线传感器网络 (WSN) 是由一组分布式和定位传感器节点开发的，用于感知不同的环境条件。WSN面临的主要挑战是：低网络时间和传输数据延迟。在监测生态系统、军事和灾害管理以及数据路由等关键应用中，WSN 的结合非常关键。此后，提出了低能量自适应聚类层次 (LEACH) 协议，但发现它对于能源管理是不经济的。此外，簇头（CH）的优化被认为是 NP 难题。这项研究工作解决了无线传感器网络路由中最佳路径选择的问题，以增加网络寿命。元启发式中可以使用各种技术，例如收费系统搜索 (CSS)、有效地用于解决路由问题。尽管如此，大多数元启发式算法都存在局部最优问题。在这项研究工作中，提出了一种基于路由协议的收费系统搜索和和声搜索算法。实验结果展示了所提出的 HS 模型的高效性能，增加了集群结构，提高了网络寿命，减少了端到端延迟和平均丢包率。