The rapid economic development of Singapore has been attributed to its plan-rational technocratic elite, according to the developmental state model. However, few studies have addressed the impacts of the country’s deeply entrenched developmental state tradition on its environment and environmental governance. This article establishes the nexus between these two by examining Singapore’s transition into a garden city. It demonstrates how the Singaporean government has maintained a top-down, nonparticipatory approach to policy making in line with the postulations of authoritarian environmentalism and how this mode of governance is related to the developmental state legacy. While Singapore’s environmental policy resulted in its international reputation as a model green city with a remarkable expansion of green spaces and infrastructure, these outputs signify the results of the developmental state’s deliberate planning and management based on a utilitarian view toward nature rather than on the outcomes of an organic and comprehensive transition to a green society.

中文翻译：

---

新加坡，一座花园城市

根据发展型国家模型，新加坡经济的快速发展归功于其计划理性的技术官僚精英。然而，很少有研究涉及该国根深蒂固的发展型国家传统对其环境和环境治理的影响。本文通过考察新加坡向花园城市的转变建立了这两者之间的联系。它展示了新加坡政府如何按照威权环保主义的假设保持自上而下、非参与性的政策制定方式，以及这种治理模式如何与发展型国家遗产相关。虽然新加坡的环境政策因其绿色空间和基础设施的显着扩张而赢得了国际模范绿色城市的声誉，