The transformation toward sustainability calls for profound renovation of economic structures, technologies, and institutions. The concept of green energy policy, which we define as encompassing any policy measure aimed at aligning the structure of a country’s energy sector with the needs of sustainable development within established planetary boundaries, is critical to this end. We elaborate on why the state needs to play an eminent role in driving the green transformation in general and that of the energy sector in particular, why this brings about coordination challenges with nonstate actors, and how these can be met. We illustrate these aspects with energy policy examples from countries of the global South and, where illustrative, North. In particular, we argue that green energy policy success is subject to three conditions: effectiveness, efficiency, and legitimacy. These conditions can be achieved by facilitating societal agreement on the direction of change, forging change alliances, systematic policy learning, and using market mechanisms to manage policy rents and political capture.

中文翻译：

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绿色能源政策政治

向可持续发展的转变需要对经济结构、技术和制度进行深刻革新。绿色能源政策的概念，我们将其定义为包含旨在使一个国家的能源部门的结构与既定的地球边界内的可持续发展需求保持一致的任何政策措施，对此至关重要。我们详细阐述了为什么国家需要在推动绿色转型方面发挥突出作用，尤其是在能源部门的绿色转型中，为什么这会带来与非国家行为者的协调挑战，以及如何应对这些挑战。我们用来自全球南方国家的能源政策例子来说明这些方面，在说明的情况下，北方国家。特别是，我们认为绿色能源政策的成功取决于三个条件：有效性、效率和合法性。这些条件可以通过促进社会就变革方向达成一致、建立变革联盟、系统的政策学习以及利用市场机制来管理政策租金和政治俘获来实现。