The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between environmental stringency and intra–European Union (EU) trade flows. Two main hypotheses are tested. First, we test whether the stringency of a country's environmental regulations may result in pollution havens. Second, we test whether the results differ by industry and by the EU membership tenure (EU-15 vs. the newly added Central East European Countries). An augmented gravity model is estimated using panel data for 21 countries during the period from 1999 to 2013 for the full sample and also separately for the Central East European Countries and the EU-15 members. Our results show weak support for the pollution haven hypothesis for some dirty industries, mainly for net exports from western EU countries to the rest. Instead, support for the “Porter hypothesis” is found for trade in clean goods.

中文翻译：

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中东欧国家是污染天堂吗？

本文的目的是调查环境严格度与欧盟内部贸易流量之间的关系。测试了两个主要假设。首先，我们测试一个国家环境法规的严格性是否会导致污染天堂。其次，我们测试结果是否因行业和欧盟成员国任期（欧盟 15 国与新加入的中东欧国家）而异。使用 1999 年至 2013 年期间 21 个国家的面板数据估算了增强引力模型的完整样本，并分别针对中东欧国家和欧盟 15 成员国。我们的研究结果表明，对一些肮脏行业的污染避风港假设的支持较弱，主要是西欧国家对其他国家的净出口。反而，