Michigan winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growers continue to adopt intensive management strategies. However, instead of broadscale implementation of an entire collection of inputs simultaneously, practitioners question which inputs may better contribute to improved production. Studies evaluated soft winter wheat plant growth, grain yield, and expected economic net return for multiple agronomic and nutrient inputsacross varying production intensities. Field trials established in Richville and Lansing, MI, during 2017 and 2018 evaluated six agronomic inputs including: seeding rate, fungicide, plant growth regulator (PGR), autumn starter fertilizer, weekly nitrogen (N) applications, and a high N rate. Autumn-applied starter fertilizer was the only individual input resulting in a consistent grain yield response. Removal of autumn starter fertilizer from high-input (HI) management decreased grain yield an average of 1.6 Mg ha^–1 while increasing grain yield 1.1 Mg ha^–1 on average when added to low-input (LI) management. Autumn starter fertilizer accounted for 71% of the grain yield difference between HI and LI. Although greater management intensity increased grain yield compared to LI management in 3 of 4 site-years, expected net return was greater when utilizing LI management. Results suggest producers consider current soil, plant, and climate conditions at the time of application and across variabilities through the field as weather factors may control much of the uncertainty growers encounter when deliberating between individual or multiple input adoption.

中文翻译：

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整合多种投入生产软红白冬小麦

密歇根冬小麦 ( Triticum aestivumL.) 种植者继续采用集约化管理策略。然而，从业者不是同时大规模实施整个投入集合，而是质疑哪些投入可能更好地有助于提高生产。研究评估了软冬小麦植物生长、谷物产量和不同生产强度下多种农艺和营养投入的预期经济净回报。2017 年和 2018 年在密歇根州里奇维尔和兰辛进行的田间试验评估了六种农艺投入，包括：播种率、杀菌剂、植物生长调节剂 (PGR)、秋季施肥、每周施氮 (N) 和高施氮率。秋季施用的起始肥料是导致谷物产量响应一致的唯一单独投入物。^–1同时增加谷物产量 1.1 Mg ha ^–1当添加到低投入 (LI) 管理时平均。秋施肥占 HI 和 LI 之间粮食产量差异的 71%。尽管与 LI 管理相比，在 4 个现场年中的 3 个年中，更高的管理强度提高了谷物产量，但使用 LI 管理时的预期净收益更高。结果表明，生产者在应用时考虑当前土壤、植物和气候条件以及整个田间的变化，因为天气因素可能会控制种植者在考虑采用单个或多个输入时遇到的大部分不确定性。