The productivity of modern triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) cultivars makes them more viable as an alternative to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains in many environments. We tested 51 winter wheat and 18 winter triticale cultivars in 52 locations nested in six regions in Poland. The aim of the study was to check whether the yield of triticale is comparable with the yield of wheat, especially under unfavorable soil and climatic conditions. The grain yield of winter wheat ranged from 9.22 to 15.72 t ha^–1 depending on the region, and the yield of triticale ranged from 9.24 to 14.82 t ha^–1. The analysis showed that triticale is well adapted to the temperate environment, and its yield is more stable and less dependent on the weather conditions of the year than that of winter wheat. The results indicated that triticale and wheat grown in lower quality soils will obtain a very similar yield. We also recommend that triticale cultivar selection should be based on specific end use requirements. So far, a similar comparison has been made for Mediterranean and temperate climates, but this is the first work for a transitional temperate climate.

中文翻译：

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温带气候下冬小麦和小黑麦品种的粮食产量表现及稳定性

现代小黑麦（× Triticosecale Wittm . ex A. Camus）栽培品种的生产力使它们在许多环境中作为小麦（Triticum aestivum L. ）谷物的替代品更具可行性。我们在位于波兰六个地区的 52 个地点测试了 51 种冬小麦和 18 种冬小麦品种。该研究的目的是检查黑小麦的产量是否与小麦的产量相当，尤其是在不利的土壤和气候条件下。冬小麦的粮食产量因地区而异，介于 9.22 至 15.72 t ha ^{–1 之间}，而黑小麦的产量介于 9.24 至 14.82 t ha ^{–1 之间}. 分析表明，小黑麦对温带环境适应能力强，产量比冬小麦更稳定，受当年天气条件影响较小。结果表明，在质量较差的土壤中生长的黑小麦和小麦将获得非常相似的产量。我们还建议黑小麦品种的选择应基于特定的最终用途要求。到目前为止，已经对地中海气候和温带气候进行了类似的比较，但这是过渡性温带气候的第一项工作。