This special issue is the second part of a themed issue that focuses on synergistic tomographic image reconstruction and includes a range of contributions in multiple disciplines and application areas. The primary subject of study lies within inverse problems which are tackled with various methods including statistical and computational approaches. This volume covers algorithms and methods for a wide range of imaging techniques such as spectral X-ray computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography combined with CT or magnetic resonance imaging, bioluminescence imaging and fluorescence-mediated imaging as well as diffuse optical tomography combined with ultrasound. Some of the articles demonstrate their utility on real-world challenges, either medical applications (e.g. motion compensation for imaging patients) or applications in material sciences (e.g. material decomposition and characterization). One of the desired outcomes of the special issues is to bring together different scientific communities which do not usually interact as they do not share the same platforms such as journals and conferences.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 2’.

本期特刊是主题特刊的第二部分，重点关注协同断层扫描图像重建，包括在多个学科和应用领域的一系列贡献。研究的主要主题在于逆问题，这些问题通过各种方法解决，包括统计和计算方法。本卷涵盖了广泛的成像技术的算法和方法，例如光谱 X 射线计算机断层扫描 (CT)、正电子发射断层扫描结合 CT 或磁共振成像、生物发光成像和荧光介导成像以及漫射光学断层扫描结合用超声波。一些文章展示了它们在现实世界挑战中的实用性，无论是医疗应用（例如 成像患者的运动补偿）或材料科学中的应用（例如材料分解和表征）。特刊的预期成果之一是将不同的科学社区聚集在一起，这些社区通常不会互动，因为它们不共享相同的平台，例如期刊和会议。

本文是主题问题“协同断层图像重建：第 2 部分”的一部分。