Abstract

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) is an economically and nutritionally important crop grown primarily in Asian countries. However, optimal NPK fertilizer application rates and ratios have not been established for foxtail millet cultivation. In this study, a two years field experiment was conducted in typical warm-temperate sub-humid continental monsoon climate of brown soil, aimed to establish a rational nitrogen:phosphorus: potassium (N:P:K) ratio to improve foxtail millet production. Four N (0, 112.5, 225.0, and 337.5 kg ha⁻¹), four P (0, 45.0, 90.0, and 135.0 kg ha⁻¹), and four K (0, 75.0, 150.0, and 225.0 kg ha⁻¹) fertilization rates were employed in fourteen different treatments. Crop yield, agronomic characteristics, and nutrient enrichment were evaluated. Crop yield was significantly influenced by the N:P:K ratio. The highest crop yield (3927.0 kg ha⁻¹) was achieved with 112.5 kg ha⁻¹ N, 90.0 kg ha⁻¹ P, and 150.0 kg ha⁻¹ K treatment. It was 68.8% higher than the control. The optimal N, P, and K application rates were 130.4–173.5, 83.5–103.8, and 133.4–153.2 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. Crop yield was positively correlated with plant height, leaf length and width, kernel P and K, and chlorophyll. Rational fertilization improves foxtail millet yield and may be applied for the improvement of crop productivity and the mitigation of agricultural pollution.

摘要

粟 ( Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) 是一种主要在亚洲国家种植的具有经济和营养价值的作物。然而，尚未确定谷子栽培的最佳 NPK 肥料施用量和比例。本研究在典型的棕壤暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候下进行了为期两年的田间试验，旨在建立合理的氮磷钾（N：P：K）比例以提高谷子产量。四个 N（0、112.5、225.0 和 337.5 kg ha ^-1）、四个 P（0、45.0、90.0 和 135.0 kg ha ^-1）和四个 K（0、75.0、150.0 和 225.0 kg ha ^-1）) 施肥率被用于十四种不同的处理。评估了作物产量、农艺特性和养分富集。作物产量受 N:P:K 比率的显着影响。使用 112.5 kg ha ^-1 N、90.0 kg ha ^-1 P 和 150.0 kg ha ^-1 K 处理实现了最高的作物产量（3927.0 kg ha ^-1）。它比对照高68.8%。最佳 N、P 和 K 施用量为 130.4-173.5、83.5-103.8 和 133.4-153.2 kg ha ^-1， 分别。作物产量与株高、叶长和宽、籽粒磷钾、叶绿素呈正相关。合理施肥可提高谷子产量，可用于提高作物生产力和减轻农业污染。