Frugivore movement plays a critical role in animal-mediated seed dispersal. Frugivores utilize resources that are heterogeneously distributed in the landscape and execute complex movement to exploit these resources. Employing the ‘movement ecology paradigm', we discuss the drivers behind frugivore movement, categorize movement into canonical activity modes and explore the potential impacts on seed dispersal effectiveness via removal and deposition of seeds. Among the movement drivers, frugivore physiology determines the goals, motion capacities determine how frugivores move across their heterogenous landscape, navigation capabilities determine how frugivores acquire and process both internal and external information that set them in motion, and biotic interactions further modulate frugivore movement. The movement process that emerges from the interactions of these drivers can be classified into different canonical activity modes that determine levels of seed removal and generate clumped, even or other spatial distributions of seed deposition. We provide a novel framework to integrate movement drivers, frugivore activities and seed dispersal services. We provide future directions utilizing advances in animal movement research to better understand the role of animal movement in the effectiveness of seed dispersal, highlighting potential impacts of increased anthropogenic activities. To advance a mechanistic understanding of animal-mediated seed dispersal, we encourage increased collaboration between animal movement and plant ecologists.

中文翻译：

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从运动生态学的角度研究种子传播

食果动物运动在动物介导的种子传播中起关键作用。食果动物利用分布在景观中的资源并执行复杂的运动来利用这些资源。采用“运动生态学范式”，我们讨论了食果动物运动背后的驱动因素，将运动分类为典型的活动模式，并探索通过去除和沉积种子对种子传播效果的潜在影响。在运动驱动因素中，食果动物的生理决定了目标，运动能力决定了食果动物如何在其异质环境中移动，导航能力决定了食果动物如何获取和处理使它们运动的内部和外部信息，而生物相互作用进一步调节了食果动物的运动。从这些驱动因素的相互作用中产生的运动过程可以分为不同的典型活动模式，这些活动模式决定了种子去除的水平，并产生了种子沉积的聚集、均匀或其他空间分布。我们提供了一个新颖的框架来整合运动驱动、食果活动和种子传播服务。我们利用动物运动研究的进展提供未来方向，以更好地了解动物运动在种子传播有效性中的作用，突出人类活动增加的潜在影响。为了促进对动物介导的种子传播的机械理解，我们鼓励动物运动和植物生态学家之间加强合作。