Abstract

The global morbidity and mortality associated with asthma have been dramatically raised. We aimed to determine the prevalence of asthma symptoms in northwestern Iran and identify the potential risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was performed from November 2019 to February 2020 among 1,459 adolescents residing in areas representing urban and semi-urban communities. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used to identify the participants with asthma defined based on meeting the criteria of physician diagnosis or self-report of wheezing episodes previously. Multivariable logistic regression was applied for data analysis. The prevalence of current asthma, asthma ever in life, and severe asthma were 12.2, 4.9, and 5.7%, respectively, which varied with urbanization. Overall, asthma prevalence in urban area was 13.4%, whereas in the semi-urban area was 8.3%. The related risk factors for asthma were having a pet at home [OR: 1.75 (1.11, 2.74)], current smoking [OR: 1.91 (1.21, 3.02)], artificial ventilation at home [OR: 2.67 (1.02, 7.03)], intake of fast-foods [OR: 4.51 (1.19, 17.04)], and history of allergy [OR: 1.99 (1.36, 2.92)]. However, physical activity [OR: 0.37 (0.16, 0.90)] and fruit consumption [OR: 0.11 (0.02, 0.77)] were associated with lower odds of asthma. We found that the prevalence of asthma was more common in people living in urban area compared to those living in semi-urban area.

摘要

与哮喘相关的全球发病率和死亡率已急剧上升。我们旨在确定伊朗西北部哮喘症状的患病率并确定潜在的危险因素。2019 年 11 月至 2020 年 2 月，对居住在城市和半城市社区地区的 1,459 名青少年进行了横断面调查。儿童哮喘和过敏症国际研究 (ISAAC) 调查问卷用于识别符合医生诊断标准或先前喘息发作的自我报告标准的哮喘参与者。应用多变量逻辑回归进行数据分析。当前哮喘、终生哮喘和重度哮喘的患病率分别为 12.2%、4.9% 和 5.7%，随城市化而变化。总体，城市地区的哮喘患病率为 13.4%，而半城市地区为 8.3%。哮喘的相关危险因素是家里养宠物 [OR：1.75 (1.11, 2.74)]，目前吸烟 [OR：1.91 (1.21, 3.02)]，家中人工通气 [OR：2.67 (1.02, 7.03)] 、快餐摄入量 [OR: 4.51 (1.19, 17.04)] 和过敏史 [OR: 1.99 (1.36, 2.92)]。然而，体力活动 [OR: 0.37 (0.16, 0.90)] 和水果消费 [OR: 0.11 (0.02, 0.77)] 与较低的哮喘几率相关。我们发现，与居住在半城市地区的人群相比，居住在城市地区的人群中哮喘的患病率更高。02, 7.03)]、快餐摄入量 [OR: 4.51 (1.19, 17.04)] 和过敏史 [OR: 1.99 (1.36, 2.92)]。然而，体力活动 [OR: 0.37 (0.16, 0.90)] 和水果消费 [OR: 0.11 (0.02, 0.77)] 与较低的哮喘几率相关。我们发现，与居住在半城市地区的人群相比，居住在城市地区的人群中哮喘的患病率更高。02, 7.03)]、快餐摄入量 [OR: 4.51 (1.19, 17.04)] 和过敏史 [OR: 1.99 (1.36, 2.92)]。然而，体力活动 [OR: 0.37 (0.16, 0.90)] 和水果消费 [OR: 0.11 (0.02, 0.77)] 与较低的哮喘几率相关。我们发现，与居住在半城市地区的人群相比，居住在城市地区的人群中哮喘的患病率更高。