Prior research has found an association between pride experiences and social rank outcomes. However, the causal direction of this relationship remains unclear. The current research used a longitudinal design (N = 1,653) to investigate whether pride experiences are likely to be a cause, consequence, or both, of social rank outcomes, by tracking changes in individuals’ pride and social rank over time. Prior research also has uncovered distinct correlational relationships between the two facets of pride, authentic and hubristic, and two forms of social rank, prestige and dominance, respectively. We therefore separately examined longitudinal relationships between each pride facet and each form of social rank. Results reveal distinct bidirectional relationships between authentic pride and prestige and hubristic pride and dominance, suggesting that specific kinds of pride experiences and specific forms of social rank are both an antecedent and a consequence of one another.

先前的研究发现，自豪体验与社会等级结果之间存在关联。然而，这种关系的因果方向仍不清楚。目前的研究采用纵向设计（N= 1,653）通过跟踪个人自豪感和社会等级随时间的变化来调查自豪感体验是否可能是社会等级结果的原因、结果或两者兼而有之。先前的研究还揭示了自豪感这两个方面，真实和傲慢，以及两种社会等级，声望和支配地位之间的明显相关关系。因此，我们分别检查了每个骄傲方面和每种形式的社会等级之间的纵向关系。结果揭示了真实的自豪感和声望与傲慢的自豪感和支配地位之间明显的双向关系，这表明特定类型的自豪体验和特定形式的社会等级既是前因，也是彼此的结果。