When measuring surface seismic data, an accurate attenuation estimation method is necessary to compensate for the energy loss and phase distortion of seismic waves, and is also beneficial for further quantitative amplitude analyses and reservoir parameter predictions. For conventional Q-estimation methods (such as the log spectral-ratio (LSR) method and attenuated traveltime tomography), accuracy may be affected by the differences between the overburden ray paths of two selected reflections (we call it the overburden effect). In this study, we design a more accurate Q-tomography method to estimate Q-values (both in the overburden and target layer simultaneously) without overburden assumptions. We address the overburden effect by using an inversion method, which allows us to separate attenuation effects from the overburden through the traveltime differences in the tomography grid cells. We test the method on synthetic data and prove its feasibility and effectiveness by applying it to field data.

中文翻译：

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用于地震衰减估计的谱比层析成像

在测量地表地震数据时，需要一种精确的衰减估计方法来补偿地震波的能量损失和相位失真，也有利于进一步定量振幅分析和储层参数预测。对于传统的 Q 估计方法（例如对数光谱比 (LSR) 方法和衰减走时层析成像），精度可能会受到两个选定反射的覆盖层射线路径之间的差异的影响（我们称之为覆盖层效应）。在这项研究中，我们设计了一种更准确的 Q 断层扫描方法来估计 Q 值（同时在覆盖层和目标层中），而不需要覆盖层假设。我们通过使用反演方法来解决覆盖层效应，这使我们能够通过断层扫描网格单元中的走时差异将衰减效应与覆盖层分开。我们在合成数据上测试了该方法，并通过将其应用于现场数据来证明其可行性和有效性。