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Book Review: Mussolini and Hitler – The Forging of the Fascist Alliance and Adolf Hitler. Politischer Zauberlehrling Mussolinis
War in History ( IF 0.171 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1177/0968344520979471d
Bastian Matteo Scianna 1
Affiliation  

This book also has weaknesses. First, significant sections of its narrative on German submarine warfare decision-making and on US–Mexican relations add little to the existing literature on those topics. More significantly, the author’s main thesis is unconvincing. He essentially depicts US leaders as naïve dupes of wily European diplomats out to bend US policy to their advantage. This argument has some merit with regard to House, but House did not make US policy – President Wilson did. The president’s response to both Britain’s blockade and Germany’s submarine warfare was closely connected to his goal of mediating an end to the war on the basis of the status quo ante bellum, or a ‘peace without victory’ as he called it in early 1917, an outcome he hoped to use as a doorway to reform of the international system. Wilson’s commitment to this goal reflected his own thinking about international politics, not the machinations of European diplomats. Moreover, when Olmstead does analyse mediation and peace proposals, he treats them in isolation from the administration’s policies on the blockade and the U-boat war. Wilson did not have the luxury of doing that, however. Whenever he set policy on the blockade and submarine warfare, the strategic goal of mediation was never far from his mind. Overall, these shortcomings outweigh the book’s strengths; readers interested in the diplomacy of the neutrality period should look elsewhere to find sharper analyses of the interaction between the United States, Britain and Germany prior to April 1917.

中文翻译:

书评:墨索里尼和希特勒——法西斯联盟和阿道夫希特勒的形成。Politischer Zauberlehrling 墨索里尼

这本书也有弱点。首先,其关于德国潜艇战决策和美墨关系的叙述的重要部分对这些主题的现有文献几乎没有增加。更重要的是,作者的主要论点没有说服力。他基本上将美国领导人描述为狡猾的欧洲外交官的天真骗子,他们企图使美国政策对他们有利。这个论点对众议院来说有一定道理,但众议院没有制定美国的政策——威尔逊总统做了。总统对英国封锁和德国潜艇战的反应与他在战前现状的基础上调解战争结束的目标密切相关,或者他在 1917 年初称之为“没有胜利的和平”,这是他希望以此作为改革国际体系的门户。威尔逊对这一目标的承诺反映了他自己对国际政治的思考,而不是欧洲外交官的阴谋诡计。此外,当奥姆斯特德确实分析调解与和平建议时,他将它们与政府关于封锁和 U 型潜艇战争的政策隔离开来。然而,威尔逊并没有这样做的奢侈。每当他制定封锁和潜艇战的政策时,调停的战略目标就在他的脑海中。总的来说,这些缺点超过了本书的优点;对中立时期外交感兴趣的读者应该去别处寻找对 1917 年 4 月之前美国、英国和德国之间互动的更清晰的分析。当奥尔姆斯特德确实分析调解与和平建议时,他将它们与政府关于封锁和 U 型潜艇战争的政策隔离开来。然而,威尔逊并没有这样做的奢侈。每当他制定封锁和潜艇战的政策时,调停的战略目标就在他的脑海中。总的来说,这些缺点超过了本书的优点;对中立时期外交感兴趣的读者应该去别处寻找对 1917 年 4 月之前美国、英国和德国之间互动的更清晰的分析。当奥尔姆斯特德确实分析调解与和平建议时,他将它们与政府关于封锁和 U 型潜艇战争的政策隔离开来。然而,威尔逊并没有这样做的奢侈。每当他制定封锁和潜艇战的政策时,调停的战略目标就在他的脑海中。总的来说,这些缺点超过了本书的优点;对中立时期外交感兴趣的读者应该去别处寻找对 1917 年 4 月之前美国、英国和德国之间互动的更清晰的分析。调解的战略目标从未远离他的脑海。总的来说,这些缺点超过了本书的优点;对中立时期外交感兴趣的读者应该去别处寻找对 1917 年 4 月之前美国、英国和德国之间互动的更清晰的分析。调解的战略目标从未远离他的脑海。总的来说,这些缺点超过了本书的优点;对中立时期外交感兴趣的读者应该去别处寻找对 1917 年 4 月之前美国、英国和德国之间互动的更清晰的分析。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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