Biomarker research has investigated the neurobiological basis for individual differences in liability to psychosis. However, few biomarkers for psychosis have been consistently found to be useful. This paper reviews several previous approaches to identify putative biomarkers of liability to psychosis, and then highlights the lessons that we have learned. We argue that limiting our research to clinical patients at the extreme of the psychosis continuum would likely obscure our knowledge as to how a minority of the general population would develop psychosis. Research on putative neurobiological origins of inter-individual differences in personality traits may be useful in mapping the biomarkers of psychosis. To identify biomarkers applicable to the general population, we advocate the transdiagnostic and psychosis continuum approach. We also advocate the use of multivariate analyses and computational modelling to tackle complex multi-modal datasets. More research should be conducted to study intra-individual variations over different ranges of timescale.

生物标志物研究调查了个体精神病易感性差异的神经生物学基础。然而，很少有精神病的生物标志物一直被发现有用。本文回顾了之前几种确定精神病倾向的假定生物标志物的方法，然后重点介绍了我们学到的经验教训。我们认为，将我们的研究限制在精神病连续体极端的临床患者可能会掩盖我们对少数普通人群如何发展精神病的了解。对人格特征的个体间差异的假定神经生物学起源的研究可能有助于绘制精神病的生物标志物。为了确定适用于一般人群的生物标志物，我们提倡跨诊断和精神病连续体方法。我们还提倡使用多元分析和计算建模来处理复杂的多模态数据集。应该进行更多的研究来研究不同时间尺度范围内的个体内部变化。