The pursuit of a comprehensive understanding of the dynamical nature of intertwined orders in quantum matter has fueled the development of several new experimental techniques, including time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES). In this regard, the study of copper-oxide high-temperature superconductors, prototypical quantum materials, has furthered both the technical advancement of the experimental technique, as well as the understanding of their correlated dynamical properties. Here, we provide a brief historical overview of the TR-ARPES investigations of cuprates, and review what specific information can be accessed via this approach. We then present a detailed discussion of the transient evolution of the low-energy spectral function both along the gapless nodal direction and in the near-nodal superconducting gap region, as probed by TR-ARPES on Bi-based cuprates.

对量子物质中交织有序的动力学性质的全面理解推动了几种新实验技术的发展，包括时间和角度分辨光电子能谱 (TR-ARPES)。在这方面，对氧化铜高温超导体、原型量子材料的研究，促进了实验技术的技术进步，以及对其相关动力学特性的理解。在这里，我们提供了对铜酸盐的 TR-ARPES 调查的简要历史概述，并回顾了通过这种方法可以访问哪些特定信息。然后，我们详细讨论了低能谱函数沿无间隙节点方向和近节点超导间隙区域的瞬态演化，