ABSTRACT

Plants are subjected to low use efficiency of water and nutrients in marginal lands such as calcareous soils. Moreover, plant wastes are not utilized optimally by the farmers. Hence, field trials were carried out in 2018 and 2019 summer seasons to find the practicable model which can be emerged through addition of sugar beet residues as mulching material and irrigation treatments in maize field. The amount of these residues were 0, 2.4, 7.2 and 12.0 ton ha⁻¹ (denoted ‎ M₀ M₁ M₂ and M₃, respectively). Irrigation treatments were 60%, 80% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (signed as W₆₀, W₈₀ and W₁₀₀, respectively). The study was established in a strip plots design with three replications. Findings exhibited that W₈₀ x M₃ or M₂ were as similar as W₁₀₀ x M₂ in improving biological, straw and grain yields ha⁻¹. Similar beneficial effect of W₁₀₀ or W₈₀ on nutrient uptake was obtained under mulching soil with M₃ or M₂. Moreover, M₁ x W₈₀ or W₁₀₀ achieved the maximally available phosphorus (P) in soil. As well, M₃ x W₈₀ showed stable improvement in water use efficiency during the two studied seasons. Due to irrigation and soil mulching combinations, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) was reduced by 5.6.1–32.6% compared to the initial CaCO₃ in soil (25.42%). Generally, application of sugar beet residues at a rate of 7.2 ton ha⁻¹ and moderate irrigation water supply, that is 80% of crop evapotranspiration may be considered a promising quixotic practice for regulating deficit irrigation in maize grown in calcareous soils. Continuous application of compatible irrigation regime and soil mulching, for example, 80% of crop evapotranspiration plus soil mulching could have the potentiality to improve calcareous soil properties year after year.

摘要

在石灰质土壤等边缘土地上，植物对水和养分的利用效率低下。此外，农民没有最佳地利用植物废物。因此，在 2018 年和 2019 年夏季进行了田间试验，以寻找可行的模式，通过添加甜菜残留物作为覆盖材料和在玉米田中进行灌溉处理。这些残留物的量为 0、2.4、7.2 和 12.0 吨 ha ^-1（分别表示为 M ₀ M ₁ M ₂和 M ₃）。灌溉处理分别为作物蒸散量的 60%、80% 和 100%（标记为 W ₆₀、W ₈₀和 W ₁₀₀， 分别）。该研究是在带三个重复的带状图设计中建立的。结果表明，W ₈₀ x M ₃或M ₂与W ₁₀₀ x M ₂在提高生物、秸秆和谷物产量ha ^{-1 方面}相似。W ₁₀₀或W ₈₀对养分吸收的类似有益作用在具有M ₃或M _{2 的}覆盖土壤下获得。此外，M ₁ x W ₈₀或W ₁₀₀实现了土壤中的最大有效磷（P）。同样，M ₃ x W ₈₀在两个研究季节中，水资源利用效率稳定提高。由于灌溉和土壤覆盖的组合，与土壤中的初始 CaCO ₃ (25.42%)相比，碳酸钙 (CaCO ₃ ) 减少了 5.6.1–32.6% 。通常，以 7.2 吨 ha ^-1的比例施用甜菜残留物和适度的灌溉水供应，即 80% 的作物蒸发量，可被认为是调节钙质土壤中生长的玉米缺水灌溉的有希望的做法。持续应用相容的灌溉制度和土壤覆盖，例如 80% 的作物蒸散量加上土壤覆盖，可能会逐年改善钙质土壤的性质。