Stress often affects eating behaviors, leading to increased eating in some individuals and decreased eating in others. Identifying physiological and psychological factors that determine the direction of eating responses to stress has been a major goal of epidemiological and clinical studies. However, challenges of standardizing the stress exposure in humans hinder efforts to uncover the underlying mechanisms. The issue of what determines the direction of stress-induced feeding responses has not been directly addressed in animal models, but assays that combine stress with a feeding-related task are commonly used as readouts of other behaviors, such as anxiety. Sex, estrous cyclicity, circadian cyclicity, caloric restriction, palatable diets, elevated body weight, and properties of the stressors similarly influence feeding behavior in humans and rodent models. Yet, most rodent studies do not use conditions that are most relevant for studying feeding behavior in humans. This review proposes a conceptual framework for incorporating these influences to develop reproducible and translationally relevant assays to study effects of stress on food intake. Such paradigms have the potential to uncover links between emotional eating and obesity as well as to the etiology of eating disorders.

压力通常会影响饮食行为，导致一些人的饮食增加而另一些人的饮食减少。确定决定饮食对压力反应方向的生理和心理因素一直是流行病学和临床研究的主要目标。然而，标准化人类压力暴露的挑战阻碍了揭示潜在机制的努力。决定压力诱导的进食反应方向的问题尚未在动物模型中直接解决，但将压力与进食相关任务相结合的测定通常用作其他行为的读数，例如焦虑。性、发情周期性、昼夜节律周期性、热量限制、可口饮食、体重增加、应激源的特性和特性同样影响人类和啮齿动物模型的摄食行为。然而，大多数啮齿动物研究并未使用与研究人类进食行为最相关的条件。这篇综述提出了一个概念框架，用于结合这些影响来开发可重现和翻译相关的分析，以研究压力对食物摄入的影响。这种范式有可能揭示情绪化饮食与肥胖之间的联系以及饮食失调的病因学。