To investigate the seismic performance of a wind turbine that is influenced by both the ice load and the seismic load, the research proposes a numerical approach for simulating the seismic behavior of a wind turbine on a monopile foundation. First, the fluid–solid coupled equation for the water–ice–wind turbine is simplified by assigning reasonable boundary conditions and solving the motion equation, and the seismic motion equation of the wind turbine is developed. Then, on this basis, we propose a simplified 3D numerical model that can simulate the interactions among the wind turbine, water and sea ice. By conducting shaking table tests, the results demonstrate that the established numerical model is effective. Finally, we investigate the effect of the boundary range and ice thickness on the seismic performance of a turbine under near-field and far-field seismic actions. Research results illustrate that ice changes the distribution form of the hydrodynamic pressure. Moreover, the thickness of the ice greatly influences the seismic behavior, while the influence of the ice boundary range is only within a certain range. Additionally, the ice load decreases the energy-dissipating capacity of the wind turbine, so the earthquake resilience of the wind turbine is significantly decreased.

为了研究受冰荷载和地震荷载共同影响的风力涡轮机的抗震性能，该研究提出了一种数值方法来模拟单桩基础上的风力涡轮机的地震行为。首先，通过分配合理的边界条件和求解运动方程，简化了水-冰-风力机的流固耦合方程，建立了风力机的地震运动方程。然后，在此基础上，我们提出了一种简化的 3D 数值模型，可以模拟风力涡轮机、水和海冰之间的相互作用。通过振动台试验，结果表明所建立的数值模型是有效的。最后，我们研究了边界范围和冰层厚度对近场和远场地震作用下涡轮机抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明，冰改变了动水压力的分布形式。而且，冰的厚度对地震行为的影响很大，而冰边界范围的影响只是在一定范围内。此外，冰荷载降低了风电机组的消能能力，因此风电机组的抗震能力显着降低。