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Annual and perennial Medicago show signatures of parallel adaptation to climate and soil in highly conserved genes
Molecular Ecology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-03 , DOI: 10.1111/mec.16061
José Luis Blanco-Pastor 1, 2 , Isabel M Liberal 1, 3 , Muhammet Sakiroglu 4 , Yanling Wei 5 , E Charles Brummer 5 , Rose L Andrew 6 , Bernard E Pfeil 1
Affiliation  

Human induced environmental change may require rapid adaptation of plant populations and crops, but the genomic basis of environmental adaptation remain poorly understood. We analysed polymorphic loci from the perennial crop Medicago sativa (alfalfa or lucerne) and the annual legume model species Mtruncatula to search for a common set of candidate genes that might contribute to adaptation to abiotic stress in both annual and perennial Medicago species. We identified a set of candidate genes of adaptation associated with environmental gradients along the distribution of the two Medicago species. Candidate genes for each species were detected in homologous genomic linkage blocks using genome-environment (GEA) and genome-phenotype association analyses. Hundreds of GEA candidate genes were species-specific, of these, 13.4% (Msativa) and 24% (Mtruncatula) were also significantly associated with phenotypic traits. A set of 168 GEA candidates were shared by both species, which was 25.4% more than expected by chance. When combined, they explained a high proportion of variance for certain phenotypic traits associated with adaptation. Genes with highly conserved functions dominated among the shared candidates and were enriched in gene ontology terms that have shown to play a central role in drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms by means of cellular shape modifications and other functions associated with cell homeostasis. Our results point to the existence of a molecular basis of adaptation to abiotic stress in Medicago determined by highly conserved genes and gene functions. We discuss these results in light of the recently proposed omnigenic model of complex traits.

中文翻译:

一年生和多年生苜蓿在高度保守的基因中显示出对气候和土壤的平行适应特征

人类引起的环境变化可能需要植物种群和作物的快速适应,但环境适应的基因组基础仍然知之甚少。我们分析了多年生作物苜蓿(苜蓿或苜蓿)和一年生豆科植物模型种M 的多态性位点。 truncatula寻找一组共同的候选基因,这些基因可能有助于适应一年生和多年生苜蓿物种的非生物胁迫。我们确定了一组与沿两个紫花苜蓿分布的环境梯度相关的候选适应基因。物种。使用基因组-环境 (GEA) 和基因组-表型关联分析在同源基因组连锁块中检测每个物种的候选基因。数百个 GEA 候选基因具有物种特异性,其中 13.4% ( Msativa ) 和 24% ( Mtruncatula) 也与表型性状显着相关。两个物种共有 168 个 GEA 候选物,比预期的多 25.4%。结合起来,他们解释了与适应相关的某些表型特征的高比例差异。具有高度保守功能的基因在共享候选者中占主导地位,并在基因本体术语中得到丰富,这些术语已显示通过细胞形状修饰和与细胞稳态相关的其他功能在干旱避免和耐受机制中发挥核心作用。我们的结果表明在苜蓿中存在适应非生物胁迫的分子基础由高度保守的基因和基因功能决定。我们根据最近提出的复杂性状全基因模型讨论这些结果。
更新日期:2021-09-10
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