Climate-related hazards, more specifically droughts, floods and storms, cause the largest share of people affected by disasters and major economic losses. While social and economic disaster-related losses are monitored and documented, this is not well established for the environmental losses. It is well known that environmental degradation is a key driver of disaster risk. As such, healthy ecosystems are acknowledged to contribute to disaster risk reduction (DRR) through their ecosystem services (ES). Yet they are at the same time heavily affected by disasters. Disaster-related losses of ecosystems and their services as well as the implication on overall DRR are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, this research builds on a structured review of peer-reviewed literature and Post-Disaster Needs Assessments (PDNAs) to generate scientific evidence of disaster-related losses of ecosystems and ES to the climate-related hazards droughts, floods and storms. The established database of disaster-related losses of ecosystems provided the basis to further explore the link between disaster-related losses of ecosystems and related losses of ES. An additional review of scientific literature delivered evidence that losses of ES are many times higher than documented so far. In order to better understand, how disaster-related losses of ecosystems and ES ultimately alter disaster risk, we showcase the link between disaster-related losses of ecosystems and their services against the three dimensions of disaster risk. Regulating ES reduce disaster risk through mitigating hazard and exposure. Provisioning, regulating, habitat and cultural ES help to reduce vulnerability. Disasters diminish the capacity of ecosystems to provide ES, which leads to increasing disaster risk. We conclude this research with three constructive recommendations for integrating disaster-related losses of ecosystems and ES in a more comprehensive manner into disaster risk monitoring – notably the monitoring structure of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. The aim of these recommendations is to support a more comprehensive monitoring of disaster-related losses including the environmental dimension and better acknowledge the role and contribution of ecosystems for advancing DRR.

与气候相关的灾害，更具体地说是干旱、洪水和风暴，是造成受灾害影响和重大经济损失的人数最多的原因。虽然监测和记录了与社会和经济灾害相关的损失，但对于环境损失而言，这并没有得到很好的确立。众所周知，环境退化是灾害风险的主要驱动因素。因此，人们承认健康的生态系统通过其生态系统服务 (ES) 有助于减少灾害风险 (DRR)。然而，他们同时也受到灾害的严重影响。与灾害相关的生态系统及其服务的损失以及对整体 DRR 的影响尚不清楚。为了解决这一知识差距，这项研究建立在对同行评审文献和灾后需求评估 (PDNA) 的结构化审查的基础上，以生成与灾害相关的生态系统损失和 ES 对气候相关灾害干旱、洪水和风暴的科学证据。已建立的生态系统灾害相关损失数据库为进一步探索生态系统灾害相关损失与生态系统相关损失之间的联系提供了基础。对科学文献的额外审查提供的证据表明 ES 的损失比迄今为止记录的要高出许多倍。为了更好地理解生态系统和 ES 的灾害相关损失如何最终改变灾害风险，我们展示了生态系统灾害相关损失及其服务与灾害风险三个维度之间的联系。监管 ES 通过减轻危害和暴露来降低灾害风险。供应、调节、栖息地和文化 ES 有助于降低脆弱性。灾害会削弱生态系统提供 ES 的能力，从而导致灾害风险增加。我们以三项建设性建议结束本研究，以更全面的方式将生态系统和 ES 的灾害相关损失纳入灾害风险监测——特别是仙台减少灾害风险框架的监测结构。这些建议的目的是支持对包括环境维度在内的灾害相关损失进行更全面的监测，并更好地承认生态系统在推进 DRR 方面的作用和贡献。栖息地和文化 ES 有助于降低脆弱性。灾害会削弱生态系统提供 ES 的能力，从而导致灾害风险增加。我们以三项建设性建议结束本研究，以更全面的方式将生态系统和 ES 的灾害相关损失纳入灾害风险监测——特别是仙台减少灾害风险框架的监测结构。这些建议的目的是支持对包括环境维度在内的灾害相关损失进行更全面的监测，并更好地承认生态系统在推进 DRR 方面的作用和贡献。栖息地和文化 ES 有助于降低脆弱性。灾害会削弱生态系统提供 ES 的能力，从而导致灾害风险增加。我们以三项建设性建议结束本研究，以更全面的方式将生态系统和 ES 的灾害相关损失纳入灾害风险监测——特别是仙台减少灾害风险框架的监测结构。这些建议的目的是支持对包括环境维度在内的灾害相关损失进行更全面的监测，并更好地承认生态系统在推进 DRR 方面的作用和贡献。我们以三项建设性建议结束本研究，以更全面的方式将生态系统和 ES 的灾害相关损失纳入灾害风险监测——特别是仙台减少灾害风险框架的监测结构。这些建议的目的是支持对包括环境维度在内的灾害相关损失进行更全面的监测，并更好地承认生态系统在推进 DRR 方面的作用和贡献。我们以三项建设性建议结束本研究，以更全面的方式将生态系统和 ES 的灾害相关损失纳入灾害风险监测——特别是仙台减少灾害风险框架的监测结构。这些建议的目的是支持对包括环境维度在内的灾害相关损失进行更全面的监测，并更好地承认生态系统在推进 DRR 方面的作用和贡献。