The process of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission processes is substantially affected by soil factors. Here, an intensive experiment was conducted to observe the effects of pore structure and water management on agricultural soil GHG emissions, total soil carbon, and nitrogen. Masa and paddy soils were prepared with/without macropores and with/without compost application. The Masa soil was exposed to unsaturated/saturated conditions, whereas the paddy soil was exposed to flooded conditions with/without drainage. CO₂ emission from the Masa soil with macropores was higher than that from the Masa soil without macropores due to enhanced gas emission pathway. Total carbon (TC) was relatively lower in the top soil than in the bottom soil under non-flooded conditions, indicating CO₂ emission from the top soil. Contrarily, TC was relatively lower in the bottom soil than in the top soil under flooded conditions, showing CO₂ and CH₄ emission from the bottom soil. Furthermore, the paddy soil with macropores showed higher CO₂ emission than the soil without macropores. However, CO₂ and CH₄ emissions were lower with drainage application than without drainage in soils when macropores and compost were applied. The CH₄ concentration negatively correlated with the infiltration rate, indicating that fresh water or oxygen was available in the soils with macropores and drainage. The TC and TN concentrations were lower in the bottom soil than in the top soil, suggesting the development of reductive conditions in soils without drainage. The findings showed that macropores reduced reductive conditions, thereby lowering CH₄ emission.

温室气体（GHG）排放过程受土壤因素的影响很大。在这里，进行了一项深入的实验，以观察孔隙结构和水分管理对农业土壤温室气体排放、土壤总碳和氮的影响。使用/不使用大孔和使用/不使用堆肥制备 Masa 和稻田土壤。Masa 土壤暴露在不饱和/饱和条件下，而水稻土暴露在有/没有排水的淹水条件下。由于气体排放途径增强，具有大孔隙的马萨土壤的CO ₂排放高于没有大孔隙的马萨土壤。在非淹水条件下，表层土壤的总碳 (TC) 相对低于底层土壤，表明 CO ₂来自表层土壤的排放。相反，在淹水条件下，底层土壤中的 TC 相对低于表层土壤，表明底层土壤中的 CO ₂和 CH ₄排放。此外，具有大孔的水稻土比没有大孔的土壤表现出更高的CO ₂排放。然而，当施用大孔和堆肥时，土壤中的CO ₂和 CH ₄排放量低于不排水的土壤。CH ₄浓度与入渗速率呈负相关，表明具有大孔隙和排水系统的土壤中存在淡水或氧气。底层土壤中的 TC 和 TN 浓度低于顶层土壤，表明在没有排水的土壤中发生了还原条件。研究结果表明，大孔减少了还原条件，从而降低了 CH ₄排放。