Floodplains include unique environments shaped over a long time horizon along rivers and smaller streams and formed by alluvial sediments. As floodplains are flat, often with highly fertile and well-accessible land, they have become the intrinsic focus of human society—while providing a variety of goods and ecosystem services. Intensive land use of floodplains is degrading their natural values and significantly reducing their ecosystem functions and services. A significant part of these key services is related with the ability of floodplains to retain water and nutrients, which can be understood as a flood control and a water-retention function. Although these ecosystems serve a number of other basic functions, the importance of floodplains as a place for water retention during extreme discharges caused by intense rainfall or snowmelt and the supply of water in times of drought are essential under conditions of global change. In order to increase the ability of floodplains to perform these functions, it is increasingly required to preserve the connectivity of rivers with surrounding floodplains and adapt human activities to maintain and restore river ecosystems. This article reviews the recent understanding of floodplain delineation, the most common causes of disturbance, the ecosystem functions being performed, discussing in turn the measures being considered to mitigate the frequency and magnitude of hydrologic extremes resulting from ongoing environmental changes.

中文翻译：

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使用基于自然的解决方案管理洪泛区以支持多种生态系统功能和服务

漫滩包括沿河流和较小的溪流在很长一段时间内形成的独特环境，由冲积沉积物形成。由于洪泛平原平坦，通常拥有高度肥沃且交通便利的土地，因此它们已成为人类社会的内在焦点——同时提供各种商品和生态系统服务。洪泛区土地的密集使用正在降低其自然价值，并显着降低其生态系统功能和服务。这些关键服务的一个重要部分与洪泛区保持水和养分的能力有关，这可以理解为防洪和保水功能。尽管这些生态系统具有许多其他基本功能，在全球变化的条件下，泛滥平原作为强降雨或融雪造成的极端排放期间的蓄水场所的重要性以及干旱时期的供水至关重要。为了提高漫滩执行这些功能的能力，越来越需要保护河流与周围漫滩的连通性，并适应人类活动以维持和恢复河流生态系统。本文回顾了最近对洪泛区划定、干扰的最常见原因、正在执行的生态系统功能的理解，进而讨论了正在考虑采取的措施，以减轻持续环境变化导致的水文极端事件的频率和幅度。为了提高漫滩执行这些功能的能力，越来越需要保护河流与周围漫滩的连通性，并适应人类活动以维持和恢复河流生态系统。本文回顾了最近对洪泛区划定、干扰的最常见原因、正在执行的生态系统功能的理解，进而讨论了正在考虑采取的措施，以减轻持续环境变化导致的水文极端事件的频率和幅度。为了提高漫滩执行这些功能的能力，越来越需要保护河流与周围漫滩的连通性，并适应人类活动以维持和恢复河流生态系统。本文回顾了最近对洪泛区划定、干扰的最常见原因、正在执行的生态系统功能的理解，进而讨论了正在考虑采取的措施，以减轻持续环境变化导致的水文极端事件的频率和幅度。