Sweden has been a front runner in vertical separation. We use data from the business long-distance corridor in Sweden to calibrate and define a demand and supply model. We simulate how the profit, welfare, fares, frequencies, modal shares and train size depend on the level of the track charges. We simulate the welfare optimal track charges, given different levels of congestion on the track, hence using the charges as a pricing instrument to allocate the train slots efficiently. We find that increases in charges have a limited impact on fares but larger impacts on the frequency. When the length of the trains can be extended and when the crowding penalty is high, the impact of higher track charges on the frequencies is larger. Higher track charges increase the length of the trains if possible. The intermodal competition from road and air has a significant impact on rail fares.

瑞典一直是垂直分离领域的领跑者。我们使用来自瑞典商业长途走廊的数据来校准和定义需求和供应模型。我们模拟利润、福利、票价、频率、模式份额和列车大小如何取决于轨道收费水平。在给定轨道上不同程度的拥堵情况下，我们模拟了福利最优轨道收费，因此使用收费作为定价工具来有效地分配列车时刻。我们发现费用的增加对票价的影响有限，但对频率的影响更大。当列车的长度可以延长并且拥挤惩罚高时，更高的轨道费用对频率的影响更大。如果可能，更高的轨道费用会增加火车的长度。