Abstract:This essay argues that the conservative/radical polarity by which we classify May Fourth intellectuals originated in the New Youth group's polemical stratagem of depicting the intellectual landscape in terms of a "New Culturalists vs. the rest" divide. In this stratagem, those who later became "the conservatives" were lumped together for dissenting from the New Culture movement and largely defined by who they were not. Historiographically, the establishment of this polarity scheme sidelined alternative mappings of the intellectual scene. Drawing on the case of the Critical Review (1922–1933)—a journal of "cultural conservatism"—and its polemics against the New Culture, this essay explores one such alternative mapping that grouped "conservative" thinker Liang Shuming (1893–1988) with the New Culturalists. Taking this paradigm as one of many that existed before the mid-1920s, the essay discusses the juxtaposition of multiple schemes of grouping as a strategy for superseding the polarity mode of classification.

中文翻译：

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两极分化与五四论战文化：“保守”范畴的渊源

摘要：本文认为，我们对五四知识分子进行分类的保守/激进极性源于新青年团体以“新文化主义者与其他人”划分的描绘知识面貌的论战策略。在这个策略中，那些后来成为“保守派”的人因反对新文化运动而被归为一类，并且在很大程度上由他们不是什么人来定义。从历史上看，这种极性方案的建立使知识领域的替代映射搁置一边。本文以《批判性评论》（1922-1933）——一本“文化保守主义”杂志——及其对新文化的论战为基础，探讨了一种将“保守主义”归为一类的替代映射。思想家梁漱溟（1893-1988）与新文化主义者。将这种范式作为 1920 年代中期之前存在的众多范式之一，本文讨论了将多种分组方案并置作为取代极性分类模式的策略。