Original hand drawings by Leonardo are astonishing collections of knowledge, superb representations of the artist's way of working, which proves the technical and cultural peak of the Renaissance era. However, due to their delicate and fragile nature, they are hard to manipulate and compulsory to preserve. To overcome this problem we developed, in a 10-year-long research program, a complete workflow to produce a system able to replace, investigate, describe and communicate ancient fine drawings through what Leonardo calls “ the best sense ” (i.e., the view), the so-called ISLe ( InSightLeonardo ). The outcoming visualization app is targeted to a wide audience made of museum visitors and, most importantly, art historians, scholars, conservators, and restorers. This article describes a specific feature of the workflow: the appearance modeling with the aim of an accurate Real-Time Rendering (RTR) visualization. This development is based on the direct observation of five among the most known Leonardo da Vinci's drawings, spanning his entire activity as a draftsman, and it is the result of an accurate analysis of drawing materials used by Leonardo, in which peculiarities of materials are digitally reproduced at the various scales exploiting solutions that favor the accuracy of perceived reproduction instead of the fidelity to the physical model and their ability to be efficiently implemented over a standard GPU-accelerated RTR pipeline. Results of the development are exemplified on five of Leonardo's drawings and multiple evaluations of the results, subjective and objective, are illustrated, aiming to assess potential and critical issues of the application.

中文翻译：

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如何分析、保存和交流达芬奇的画作？从“最佳感觉”建立的 RTR 美术图形可视化解决方案

莱昂纳多的原创手绘是惊人的知识集合，是艺术家工作方式的精湛表现，证明了文艺复兴时期的技术和文化高峰。然而，由于它们的脆弱和脆弱的性质，它们很难被操纵和强制保存。为了克服这个问题，我们在一个为期 10 年的研究计划中开发了一个完整的工作流程，以生产一个能够通过莱昂纳多所说的“替换、调查、描述和交流古代精美图画的系统”最好的感觉”（即视图），所谓小岛(洞察力莱昂纳多）。即将推出的可视化应用程序面向广大观众，包括博物馆参观者，最重要的是，艺术史学家、学者、保护者和修复者。本文描述了工作流的一个特定功能：外观建模，旨在实现准确的实时渲染 (RTR) 可视化。这一发展是基于对达芬奇最著名的五幅画作的直接观察，跨越了他作为绘图员的整个活动，它是对达芬奇使用的绘画材料进行准确分析的结果，其中材料的特性是数字化的利用有利于感知再现的准确性而不是对物理模型的保真度以及它们在标准 GPU 加速 RTR 管道上有效实施的能力的解决方案，以各种规模进行再现。