This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of the work done by Antarctic sclerochronology research across different taxa (arthropods, bivalves, brachiopods, bryozoans, cephalopods, hard and soft corals, gastropods, echinoderms and teleost fish), provide an analysis of current challenges in the discipline and start a discussion of what sclerochronology can offer for Antarctic research in future. The Southern Ocean ecosystem remains largely unstudied in part for its remoteness, extreme climate and strong seasonality. This lack of knowledge, some of it even on basic biological information, it is especially worrying due to ongoing climate-driven changes that the Southern Ocean ecosystem is experiencing. Lack of long-term in situ instrumental series has also being a detriment to understand long-term feedbacks between the physical environment and the ecosystem. Sclerochronology, the study of periodic accretional patterns in the hard body structures of living organisms, has contributed to a wide range of Antarctic research disciplines (e.g. paleoclimate reconstructions, population structure analysis, environmental proxies). This review highlights a disparity in research focus by taxa with some groups (e.g. bivalves, teleost fish) attracting most of the research attention, whereas other groups (e.g. gastropod) have attracted much little research attention or in some cases it is almost non-existent (e.g. echinoderms). Some of the long-lived species considered in this review have the potential to provide the much-needed high-resolution eco-environmental proxy data and play an important role in blue carbon storage in the Sothern Ocean. Another issue identified was the lack of cross-validation between analytical techniques.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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南大洋的年代学

这份手稿旨在全面回顾南极硬化年代学研究在不同分类群（节肢动物、双壳类动物、腕足动物、苔藓动物、头足类动物、硬珊瑚和软珊瑚、腹足动物、棘皮动物和硬骨鱼）中所做的工作，分析当前在学科，并开始讨论年代学可以为未来的南极研究提供什么。南大洋生态系统在很大程度上仍未得到研究，部分原因是其地处偏远、气候极端和季节性强。由于南大洋生态系统正在经历持续的气候驱动变化，这种缺乏知识，其中一些甚至是关于基本生物信息的知识尤其令人担忧。缺乏长期的原位仪器系列也不利于了解物理环境和生态系统之间的长期反馈。硬化年代学是对生物体硬体结构周期性增生模式的研究，它对南极研究学科的范围很广（例如古气候重建、种群结构分析、环境代理）做出了贡献。这篇综述强调了分类群在研究重点上的差异，一些群体（例如双壳类动物、硬骨鱼）吸引了大部分研究注意力，而其他群体（例如腹足类动物）几乎没有引起研究关注，或者在某些情况下几乎不存在（例如棘皮动物）。本综述中考虑的一些长寿物种有可能提供急需的高分辨率生态环境代理数据，并在南洋蓝碳储存中发挥重要作用。确定的另一个问题是分析技术之间缺乏交叉验证。

图形摘要