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Analyzing international organizations: How the concepts we use affect the answers we get
The Review of International Organizations ( IF 7.833 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s11558-021-09432-2
Charles B. Roger 1 , Sam S. Rowan 2
Affiliation  

We explore how “international organizations” have been conceptualized and operationalized in the field of International Relations (IR), identify an important gap between the two, and demonstrate how this shapes our understanding of world politics. Traditionally, we show, IR has embraced a broad conception of international organizations (IOs) that appreciates variation in design. However, the literature has largely coalesced around a measurement standard that reflects the characteristics of major postwar IOs. Prevailing measures, therefore, mainly count formal IOs—bodies founded with legally binding agreements—and omit informal IOs, which are founded with non-binding instruments. We argue that this produces a disconnect between theory and empirical evidence used in the field, since scholars frequently make arguments about IOs in general but draw inferences from formal IOs only. After reviewing how this disconnect has emerged, we use an original dataset on state membership in 260 informal IOs to reanalyze a number of important studies, showing heterogeneous effects for subtypes of IOs that conflict with existing theories to varying degrees. These differences imply that formal and informal IOs have different effects and that existing findings in the field are partly artifacts of the specific way IO variables have been operationalized by scholars. Based on this, we offer recommendations for how to improve research practices moving forward.



中文翻译:

分析国际组织:我们使用的概念如何影响我们得到的答案

我们探讨了“国际组织”如何在国际关系 (IR) 领域被概念化和运作,确定两者之间的重要差距,并展示这如何影响我们对世界政治的理解。传统上,我们表明,IR 已经接受了国际组织 (IO) 的广泛概念,这些概念欣赏设计的变化。然而,文献主要集中在反映主要战后 IO 特征的衡量标准。因此,现行措施主要计算正式 IOs——以具有法律约束力的协议成立的机构——并忽略了以非约束性文书建立的非正式 IOs。我们认为这会导致该领域使用的理论和经验证据之间存在脱节,因为学者们经常对 IO 进行一般性的争论,但仅从正式的 IO 中得出推论。在回顾了这种脱节是如何出现的之后,我们使用 260 个非正式 IO 中的状态成员的原始数据集重新分析了许多重要的研究,显示了与现有理论在不同程度上冲突的 IO 子类型的异质影响。这些差异意味着正式和非正式的 IO 具有不同的影响,并且该领域的现有发现部分是学者们操作 IO 变量的特定方式的产物。基于此,我们就如何改进研究实践提出建议。我们使用关于 260 个非正式 IO 中的状态成员的原始数据集重新分析了许多重要研究,显示了与现有理论在不同程度上冲突的 IO 子类型的异质效应。这些差异意味着正式和非正式的 IO 具有不同的影响,并且该领域的现有发现部分是学者们操作 IO 变量的特定方式的产物。基于此,我们就如何改进研究实践提出建议。我们使用关于 260 个非正式 IO 中的状态成员的原始数据集重新分析了许多重要研究,显示了与现有理论在不同程度上冲突的 IO 子类型的异质效应。这些差异意味着正式和非正式的 IO 具有不同的影响,并且该领域的现有发现部分是学者们操作 IO 变量的特定方式的产物。基于此,我们就如何改进研究实践提出建议。

更新日期:2021-07-02
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