Abstract

Community-based tourism (CBT) emphasises attributes such as sustainability, local participation, and the maximisation of benefits to the community. However, limited scholarly interventions and critical debates have been conducted regarding what constitutes a community in tourism destinations. In Taman Negara, Malaysia, residents of various ethnic groups have considerably different interpretations of community and boundaries therein. Malay, Malaysian Chinese, and Orang Asli Batek people have contradicting claims and perceptions regarding who is Indigenous, who is a local, and who is the rightful host community of Taman Negara. The perceptions of such boundaries can be highly political; consequently, certain groups feel threatened when they are seemingly peripheral to official designations. The fuzzy boundaries of what constitutes a community make governance and the assessment of CBT considerably challenging. A suggestion is to resist predefining a community and to instead consider its fluid boundaries and heterogeneity in CBT planning and research.

摘要

基于社区的旅游 (CBT) 强调可持续性、当地参与和社区利益最大化等属性。然而，关于什么构成旅游目的地的社区，进行了有限的学术干预和批判性辩论。在马来西亚的塔曼尼加拉，不同种族的居民对社区和其中的边界有着截然不同的解释。马来人、马来西亚华人和 Orang Asli Batek 人对于谁是原住民、谁是本地人以及谁是 Taman Negara 的合法东道主社区有着相互矛盾的主张和看法。对这种边界的看法可能具有高度政治性；因此，当某些群体看似处于官方指认的外围时，他们会感到受到威胁。社区构成的模糊界限使 CBT 的治理和评估变得相当具有挑战性。一个建议是抵制预先定义社区，而是在 CBT 规划和研究中考虑其流动边界和异质性。