Influence of citric acid on the photovoltaic properties of the CdS quantum dot-sensitized TiO₂ solar cells (QDSSCs) was studied. Tethering of citric acid molecules with both TiO₂ and CdS quantum dots (QDs) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that QDs with average size of ~4.5 nm, were tethered with TiO₂ nanoparticles of diameter ~40 nm. Presence of Cd, S, C, Ti and O elements in the composite photoanode and their uniform distribution throughout the photoanode were confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. QDSSCs fabricated with pristine TiO₂ photoanode exhibited a short circuit current density (J_SC) of 5.80 mA cm⁻² and an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 1.10%, whereas solar cells made with citric acid-treated, photoanode-exhibited a J_SC of 8.20 mA cm⁻² with 1.50% efficiency under 100 mW cm⁻² (AM 1.5) light illumination. This is an impressive 60% increase in the J_SC and ~36% enhancement in the overall power conversion efficiency. Interfacial resistance of QDSSCs is estimated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that citric acid treatment enhanced both the electron injection to the conduction band of the TiO₂ from the CdS as well as the overall charge transfer of the device, while decreasing the recombination of the photo-generated electrons with their holes in the electrolyte.

研究了柠檬酸对 CdS 量子点敏化 TiO ₂太阳能电池 (QDSSCs)光伏性能的影响。柠檬酸分子与 TiO ₂和 CdS 量子点 (QD) 的束缚通过傅里叶变换红外光谱技术得到证实。高分辨率透射电子显微镜研究表明，平均尺寸约为 4.5 nm 的 QD 与直径约为 40 nm 的TiO ₂纳米颗粒相连。通过能量色散 X 射线光谱测量证实复合光阳极中存在 Cd、S、C、Ti 和 O 元素及其在整个光阳极中的均匀分布。用原始 TiO _{2 光}阳极制造的 QDSSCs表现出短路电流密度（J_SC ) 为 5.80 mA cm ^-2和总功率转换效率 ( η ) 为 1.10%，而用柠檬酸处理的光电阳极制成的太阳能电池表现出8.20 mA cm ^-2的J _SC，在 100 mW 下效率为 1.50% cm ^-2 (AM 1.5) 光照。J _SC增加了 60% ，整体功率转换效率提高了约 36%，这是令人印象深刻的。通过使用电化学阻抗谱估计 QDSSC 的界面电阻表明，柠檬酸处理增强了电子注入到 TiO ₂的导带 来自 CdS 以及器件的整体电荷转移，同时减少光生电子与其在电解质中的空穴的复合。