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Within-person changes in basal cortisol and caregiving modulate executive attention across infancy
Development and Psychopathology ( IF 5.317 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-02 , DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000262
Annie Brandes-Aitken 1 , Stephen Braren 1 , Sarah C Vogel 1 , Rosemarie E Perry 1 , Natalie H Brito 1 , Clancy Blair 1
Affiliation  

One pathway by which environments of socioeconomic risk are thought to affect cognitive development is through stress physiology. The biological systems underpinning stress and attention undergo a sensitive period of development during infancy. Psychobiological theory emphasizes a dynamic pattern of context-dependent development, however, research has yet to examine how basal cortisol and attention dynamically covary across infancy in ecologically valid contexts. Thus, to address these gaps, we leveraged longitudinal, multilevel analytic methods to disentangle between- from within-person associations of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity and executive attention behaviors across infancy. We use data from a large longitudinal sample (N = 1,292) of infants in predominantly low-income, nonurban communities at 7-, 15-, and 24-months of age. Using multilevel models, we investigated longitudinal associations of infant attention and basal cortisol levels and examined caregiving behaviors as moderators of this relationship. Results indicated a negative between- and within-person association between attention and cortisol across infancy and a within-person moderation by caregiver responsiveness. In other words, on the within-person level, higher levels of cortisol were concomitantly associated with lower infant attention across the first 2 years of life. However, variation in the caregiver's level of responsiveness either buffered or sensitized the executive attention system to the negative effects of physiological stress.



中文翻译:

基础皮质醇和照料的人内变化调节整个婴儿期的执行注意力

社会经济风险环境被认为影响认知发展的一种途径是通过压力生理学。支撑压力和注意力的生物系统在婴儿期经历了一个敏感的发育时期。心理生物学理论强调依赖于情境发展的动态模式,然而,研究尚未检验基础皮质醇和注意力如何在生态有效的情境中跨婴儿期动态共变。因此,为了解决这些差距,我们利用纵向、多层次的分析方法来理清婴儿期下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴活动和执行注意力行为的人与人之间的关联。我们使用来自大型纵向样本的数据(N= 1,292) 主要是低收入、非城市社区中 7、15 和 24 个月大的婴儿。使用多层次模型,我们调查了婴儿注意力与基础皮质醇水平的纵向关联,并检查了作为这种关系调节剂的照料行为。结果表明,在整个婴儿期,注意力和皮质醇之间存在负向的人际关系和人际关系,以及照顾者反应对人际关系的调节作用。换句话说,在个人层面上,较高水平的皮质醇伴随着婴儿出生后头 2 年较低的注意力。然而,照料者反应水平的变化可以缓冲或使执行注意力系统对生理压力的负面影响敏感。

更新日期:2021-07-02
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