One of the most common but rarely discussed problems in Russian biomedical research is a problem of multiple comparisons. When a researcher performs pairwise comparisons of means in several groups the number of tested ststistical hypotheses increases leading to inflation of the alpha-error. In international scientific literature this issue is well-described and several solutions are offered. The aim of this article is to describe the problem of alpha error inflation and present methods for solving the problem of multiple comparisons. The methods suggested in this paper can be applied at the stages of research planning, data analysis and interpretation of the results. Bonferroni, Sidak, Holm-Bonferroni, Holm-Sidak and the Benjamin-Hochberg methods are described in details. We also present user-friendly examples for manual calculations as well as a description of implementation of the suggested solutions using SPSS software.

中文翻译：

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生物医学研究中的多重比较：问题及其解决方案

俄罗斯生物医学研究中最常见但很少讨论的问题之一是多重比较问题。当研究人员对几组中的平均值进行成对比较时，经过测试的统计假设的数量会增加，从而导致 alpha 误差的膨胀。在国际科学文献中，这个问题得到了很好的描述，并提供了几种解决方案。本文的目的是描述阿尔法误差膨胀问题，并提出解决多重比较问题的方法。本文建议的方法可以应用于研究计划、数据分析和结果解释阶段。详细描述了 Bonferroni、Sidak、Holm-Bonferroni、Holm-Sidak 和 Benjamin-Hochberg 方法。