Unhealthy diet is associated with high morbidity and mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which in turn are associated with high economic costs. A significant proportion of these costs is attributed to insufficient fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet worldwide with large country-to-country variation warranting research in various settings including Russia. The aim: to assess the economic burden of insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in Russia in 2016 due to their contribution to the development of major NCDs. Methods: The calculation was made using population attributive risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer from meta-analyses and the data on the prevalence of fruits and vegetables consumption and the abovementioned diseases in the Russian population. The economic costs from the main NCDs were calculated using the human capital method. The share of health care system costs and economic losses due to morbidity and mortality from NCDs associated with fruits and vegetables underconsumption was assessed. Results: The contribution of insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables to the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease and stroke were 5 % each (95 % CI: 3.0-6.2), 5% (95 % CI: 3.7-6.2) and 10 % (95 % CI: 4.9-15.9), respectively. Corresponding proportions for lung cancer was 8.9 % (95 % CI: 3.7-14.4). The economic burden associated with this risk factor, amounted more than 134 billion rubles (95 % CI: 78.8-173.3 billion rubles), 0.16 % of GDP of the Russian Federation in 2016. Indirect losses due to premature mortality (86 %) prevailed in the structure of the economic burden. Conclusions: The high prevalence of fruits and vegetables underconsumption in Russia and its significant contribution to the morbidity and mortality from NCDs are associated with significant economic costs from this risk factor.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯蔬菜和水果消费不足的经济负担

不健康的饮食与慢性非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的高发病率和死亡率有关，而后者又与高昂的经济成本有关。这些成本的很大一部分归因于全球饮食中新鲜水果和蔬菜的不足，国与国之间的差异很大，需要在包括俄罗斯在内的各种环境中进行研究。目的：评估 2016 年俄罗斯水果和蔬菜消费不足对主要非传染性疾病发展的贡献所造成的经济负担。方法：使用荟萃分析得出的心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病和癌症发生的人群归因风险以及俄罗斯人口中水果和蔬菜消费和上述疾病的流行数据进行计算。主要非传染性疾病的经济成本使用人力资本法计算。评估了与水果和蔬菜消费不足相关的非传染性疾病的发病率和死亡率在卫生保健系统成本和经济损失中所占的份额。结果：水果和蔬菜摄入不足对心血管疾病、冠心病和中风的发病率和死亡率的贡献分别为 5% (95% CI: 3.0-6.2)、5% (95% CI: 3.7-6.2)和 10% (95% CI: 4.9-15.9)，分别。肺癌的相应比例为 8.9%（95% CI：3.7-14.4）。与此风险因素相关的经济负担超过 1340 亿卢布（95% CI：78.8-1733 亿卢布），占 2016 年俄罗斯联邦 GDP 的 0.16%。由于过早死亡而造成的间接损失 (86%) 在经济负担结构中占主导地位。结论：俄罗斯水果和蔬菜消费不足的高发率及其对非传染性疾病发病率和死亡率的显着贡献与该风险因素造成的重大经济成本有关。