In our article, we analyze gender norms in Turkey. We are interested in how such norms are transformed or reified in light of global/local interplays in contemporary world society. The case of Turkey is usually studied with a view to a persistent gap between national/global constitutional and legal provisions that promote gender equality, on the one hand, and a seemingly resistant everyday reality, on the other. While our research in the Turkish province of Hatay confirms that such a gap persists, we nevertheless detect meaningful transformations of gender norms in everyday practice. Our research, which focuses in women’s positioning in higher education, indicates that such transformations occur in particular through everyday spatial practices, inter alia through what we refer to as local tactics of mobility by women seeking higher education. While there is no linear and direct diffusion of gender norms from the global/national to the local, we nevertheless observe significant global/local interplays to which these local norm transformations relate. These interplays can be well captured on the basis of constructivist theories of modernity. More specifically, by drawing from theories of world society and global governmentality, we conceive of these spatial practices as a diffusion of forms of (female) modern subjectivities, engendered by modern technologies of the Self, through which women in Hatay locate themselves in relation to a world society shaped by societal differentiation and social exclusion. Transformations or reifications of gender norms in Hatay are thus not so much the result of a direct diffusion of global gender norms. They are rather triggered indirectly through spatial practices on the local level that are, in turn, embedded within a world societal horizon that promotes modern subjectivities in response to societal differentiation and social exclusion.

中文翻译：

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本地化现代女性主体

在我们的文章中，我们分析了土耳其的性别规范。我们对如何根据当代世界社会的全球/地方相互作用来改变或具体化这些规范感兴趣。研究土耳其的案例通常着眼于一方面促进性别平等的国家/全球宪法和法律条款与另一方面看似具有抵抗力的日常现实之间的持续差距。虽然我们在土耳其哈塔伊省的研究证实了这种差距仍然存在，但我们仍然发现日常实践中性别规范发生了有意义的转变。我们的研究侧重于女性在高等教育中的定位，表明这种转变尤其发生在日常空间实践中，尤其是通过我们称之为寻求高等教育的女性的地方流动策略。虽然性别规范没有从全球/国家到地方的线性和直接扩散，但我们仍然观察到与这些地方规范转变相关的重大全球/地方相互作用。在现代性的建构主义理论的基础上，可以很好地捕捉到这些相互作用。更具体地说，通过借鉴世界社会和全球治理的理论，我们将这些空间实践视为（女性）现代主体性形式的扩散，由现代自我技术产生，哈塔伊的女性通过这些形式将自己定位于与一个由社会分化和社会排斥塑造的世界社会。因此，哈塔伊性别规范的转变或具体化并不是全球性别规范直接传播的结果。