An urgent need for efficient energy conversion technologies is driving development of active and durable electrocatalysts. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as practically promising electrocatalysts because of unique physical and chemical properties. In general, a significant proportion of 2D materials are polymorphous with diverse crystal structures or stoichiometry. However, pristine 2D materials found in nature are thermodynamically stable phases with inert catalytic activity. Metastable phases, in contrast, are highly active for various electrocatalytic processes because of high-energy structures and high reactivity of nonequilibrium surfaces.

中文翻译：

---

用于电催化能量转换的亚稳态二维材料

对高效能量转换技术的迫切需求正在推动活性和耐用电催化剂的发展。近年来，由于独特的物理和化学性质，二维 (2D) 材料已成为具有实际应用前景的电催化剂。一般来说，很大一部分 2D 材料是多晶型的，具有不同的晶体结构或化学计量。然而，自然界中发现的原始二维材料是具有惰性催化活性的热力学稳定相。相反，由于非平衡表面的高能结构和高反应性，亚稳态相对于各种电催化过程具有高活性。