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Mitochondrial Transplantation in Cardiomyocytes: foundation, methods, and outcomes
American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 , DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00152.2021
Paria Ali Pour 1, 2 , Sina Hosseinian 1, 3 , Arash Kheradvar 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Mitochondrial Transplantation is emerging as a novel cellular biotherapy to alleviate mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Mitochondria play a crucial role in establishing cellular homeostasis and providing cell with the energy necessary to accomplish its function. Owing to its endosymbiotic origin, mitochondria share many features with their bacterial ancestors. Unlike the nuclear DNA, which is packaged into nucleosomes and protected from adverse environmental effects; mitochondrial DNA are more prone to harsh environmental effects, in particular that of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction are implicated in many diseases ranging from metabolic diseases to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. While it was once thought that transplantation of mitochondria would not be possible due to its semi-autonomous nature and reliance on the nucleus, recent advances have shown that it is possible to transplant viable functional intact mitochondria from autologous, allogenic, and xenogeneic sources into different cell types. Moreover, current research suggests that the transplantation could positively modulate bioenergetics and improve disease outcome. Mitochondrial transplantation techniques and consequences of transplantation in cardiomyocytes are the theme of this review. First, we outline the different mitochondrial isolation and transfer techniques. Second, we detail the consequences of mitochondrial transplantation in the cardiovascular system, more specifically in the context of cardiomyopathies and ischemia. Lastly, we elaborate our vision on how mitochondrial transplantation may mitigate other cardiac conditions secondary to mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, such as atherosclerosis and ST-elevated myocardial infarction.

中文翻译:

心肌细胞线粒体移植:基础、方法和结果

线粒体移植正在成为一种新型的细胞生物疗法,以减轻线粒体损伤和功能障碍。线粒体在建立细胞稳态和为细胞提供完成其功能所需的能量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。由于其内共生起源,线粒体与其细菌祖先有许多共同特征。与核 DNA 不同,核 DNA 被包装到核小体中并受到保护免受不利环境影响;线粒体 DNA 更容易受到恶劣的环境影响,尤其是活性氧 (ROS) 的影响。线粒体损伤和功能障碍与从代谢疾病到心血管和神经退行性疾病等许多疾病有关。虽然曾经认为由于线粒体的半自主性质和对细胞核的依赖而无法移植线粒体,但最近的进展表明,可以将自体、同种异体和异种来源的可行功能完整线粒体移植到不同的细胞类型。此外,目前的研究表明,移植可以正向调节生物能量学并改善疾病结果。线粒体移植技术和心肌细胞移植的后果是本综述的主题。首先,我们概述了不同的线粒体分离和转移技术。其次,我们详细介绍了线粒体移植在心血管系统中的后果,更具体地说,是在心肌病和缺血的背景下。最后,
更新日期:2021-07-01
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