By now, there have been many standards battles fought within the same industry or by multiple industries in the market-based standardization. In these battles, incompatible standards compete to win market dominance. While there is some research on standards battles found within a single committee, competitions in the committee-based standardization between standards from different committees or SDOs are underexplored. This paper categorizes the types of standards battles by the mode of standardization and the heterogeneity of actors. A new type referred to as ‘committee standards battles for converging systems’ is introduced and the dynamics of such battles is explored with two cases. The battle between the electric vehicle charging and the smart meter communication standard and the battle between two different vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication standards are analyzed. The failure in achieving compatibility between different committee standards on the same frequency bands results in communication interference that adversely affects the operation of smart systems. Social incompatibilities between actors and alliances from a mix of industries with vested interests towards a particular standard complicate the battling scene. The findings provide implications in terms of heterogeneity, actors, and government role in standards battles.

目前，在基于市场的标准化中，同一个行业内或多个行业之间发生了许多标准之争。在这些战斗中，不兼容的标准相互竞争以赢得市场主导地位。虽然在单个委员会内发现了一些关于标准之争的研究，但对来自不同委员会或 SDO 的标准之间基于委员会的标准化竞争的探索尚不充分。本文根据标准化模式和参与者的异质性对标准之争的类型进行了分类。引入了一种称为“融合系统的委员会标准之战”的新型类型，并通过两个案例探讨了此类战斗的动态。分析了电动汽车充电与智能电表通信标准之间的较量，以及两种不同的V2X（V2X）通信标准之间的较量。同一频段不同委员会标准之间无法实现兼容性会导致通信干扰，从而对智能系统的运行产生不利影响。来自具有既得利益的混合行业的参与者和联盟之间的社会不兼容性使战斗场景复杂化。研究结果在标准之争中的异质性、参与者和政府角色方面提供了启示。同一频段不同委员会标准之间无法实现兼容性会导致通信干扰，从而对智能系统的运行产生不利影响。来自具有既得利益的混合行业的参与者和联盟之间的社会不兼容性使战斗场景复杂化。研究结果在标准之争中的异质性、参与者和政府角色方面提供了启示。同一频段不同委员会标准之间无法实现兼容性会导致通信干扰，从而对智能系统的运行产生不利影响。来自具有既得利益的混合行业的参与者和联盟之间的社会不兼容性使战斗场景复杂化。研究结果在标准之争中的异质性、参与者和政府角色方面提供了启示。